SERUM ALDOSTERONE AND DEATH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN BLACKS AND WHITES: FINDINGS FROM THE CRIC STUDY

摘要

Prior studies have demonstrated that elevated aldosterone concentrations are an independent risk factor for death in patients with cardiovascular disease. Limited studies, however, have evaluated systematically the association between serum aldosterone and adverse events in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the association between serum aldosterone and death and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in 3,866 participants from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort. We also evaluated the association between aldosterone and incident congestive heart failure (CHF) and atherosclerotic events in participants without baseline cardiovascular disease. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate independent associations between elevated aldosterone concentrations and each outcome. Interactions were hypothesized and explored between aldosterone and sex, race, and the use of loop diuretics and RAAS inhibitors. Over a median follow-up period of 5.4 years, 587 participants died, 743 developed ESRD, 187 developed CHF, and 177 experienced an atherosclerotic event. Aldosterone concentrations (per standard deviation of the log transformed aldosterone) were not an independent risk factor for death (adjusted HR 1.00, 95% CI [0.93–1.12]), ESRD (adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI [0.99–1.17]), or atherosclerotic events (adjusted HR 1.04, 95% CI [0.85–1.18]). Aldosterone was associated with CHF (adjusted HR 1.21, 95% CI [1.02–1.35]). Among participants with CKD, higher aldosterone concentrations were independently associated with the development of CHF, but not for death, ESRD, or atherosclerotic events. Further studies should evaluate whether mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may reduce adverse events in individuals with CKD since elevated cortisol levels may activate the mineralocorticoid receptor.