The vocal tract shape is crucial to voice production. Its lower part seems particularly relevant for voice timbre. This study analyzes the detailed morphology of parts of the epilaryngeal tube and the hypopharynx for the sustained German vowels /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ by thirteen male singer subjects who were at the beginning of their academic singing studies. Analysis was based on two different phonatory conditions: a natural, speech-like phonation and a singing phonation, like in classical singing. 3D models of the vocal tract were derived from magnetic resonance imaging and compared with long-term average spectrum analysis of audio recordings from the same subjects. Comparison of singing to the speech-like phonation, which served as reference, showed significant adjustments of the lower vocal tract: an average lowering of the larynx by 8 mm and an increase of the hypopharyngeal cross-sectional area (+ 21.9%) and volume (+ 16.8%). Changes in the analyzed epilaryngeal portion of the vocal tract were not significant. Consequently, lower larynx-to-hypopharynx area and volume ratios were found in singing compared to the speech-like phonation. All evaluated measures of the lower vocal tract varied significantly with vowel quality. Acoustically, an increase of high frequency energy in singing correlated with a wider hypopharyngeal area. The findings offer an explanation how classical male singers might succeed in producing a voice timbre with increased high frequency energy, creating a singer‘s formant cluster.
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机译:声道形状对于声音的产生至关重要。它的下部似乎与声音音色特别相关。这项研究分析了十三名刚开始的男性歌手对象对持续的德国元音/ a /,/ e /,/ i /,/ o /和/ u /的上咽管和下咽部的详细形态他们的学术歌唱研究。分析基于两种不同的发声条件:自然的,类似于语音的发声和类似于古典唱歌中的唱歌发声。声道的3D模型是从磁共振成像得出的,并与来自同一受试者的录音的长期平均频谱分析进行了比较。将唱歌与类似语音的发声(作为参考)进行比较,结果显示下声道的显着调整:喉部平均降低8毫米,下咽横截面积(+ 21.9%)和音量增加(+ 16.8%)。分析的声带上喉部分的变化不明显。因此,与类似语音的发声相比,在唱歌中发现较低的喉-下咽面积和音量比。下声带的所有评估指标均随元音质量的不同而有很大差异。听觉上,唱歌中高频能量的增加与下咽区域的扩大有关。这些发现为经典男歌手如何成功地产生具有增加的高频能量的声音音色,创造了歌手的共振峰群提供了一个解释。
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