Tertiary lymphoid tissue forms in retinas of mice with spontaneous autoimmuneuveitis and has consequences on visual function

摘要

During chronic inflammation, tertiary lymphoid tissue (TLT) can form within an inflamed organ, including the central nervous system (CNS). However, little is known about TLT formation in the neuroretina. In a novel spontaneous autoimmune mouse model of uveitis (R161H), we identified well-organized lymphoid aggregates in the retina and examined them for TLT characteristics. Presence of immune cells, tissue-specific markers, and gene expression patterns typically associated with germinal centers and T follicular helper (TFH) cells were examined using immunohistochemistry and gene analysis of laser capture microdissected retina. Our data revealed the retinal lymphoid structures contained CD4⁺ T cells and B cells in well-defined zonal areas that expressed classic germinal center markers, PNA and GL-7. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of T follicular helper cell markers, most notably CXCR5 and its ligand CXCL13, and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed CXCR5 expression, typically associated with CD4⁺ T follicular helper cells. Highly organized stromal cell networks, a hallmark of organized lymphoid tissue, were also present. Positive staining for phospho-Zap70 in retina-specific T cells indicated CD4⁺ T cells were being activated within these lymphoid structures. CD138⁺/B220⁺ plasma cells were detected,suggesting the retinal lymphoid aggregates give rise to functional germinal centers, whichproduce antibodies. Interestingly, eyes with lymphoid aggregates exhibited lowerinflammatory scores by fundus examination and a slower initial rate of loss of visualfunction by electroretinography, compared to eyes without these structures. Our findingssuggest that the lymphoid aggregates in the retina of R161H mice represent organized TLT,which impact the course of chronic uveitis.