Incorporation of fast dissolving glucose porogens and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles within calcium phosphate cements for bone tissue regeneration

摘要

This study investigated the effects of incorporating glucose microparticles (GMPs) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (PLGA MPs) within a calcium phosphate cement on the cement’s handling, physicochemical properties, and the respective pore formation. Composites were fabricated with two different weight fractions of GMPs (10 and 20 wt%) and two different weight fractions of PLGA MPs (10 and 20 wt%). Samples were assayed for porosity, pore morphology, and compressive mechanical properties. An in vitro degradation study was also conducted. Samples were exposed to a physiological solution for 3 days, 4 wks, and 8 wks in order to understand how the inclusion of GMPs and PLGA MPs affects the composite’s porosity and mass loss over time. GMPs and PLGA MPs were both successfully incorporated within the composites and all formulations showed an initial setting time that is appropriate for clinical applications. Through a main effects analysis, we observed that the incorporation of GMPs had a significant effect on the overall porosity, mean pore size, mode pore size, and in vitro degradation rate of PLGA MPs as early as after 3 days (p < 0.05). After 4 wks and 8 wks, these same properties were affected by the inclusion of both types of MPs (p < 0.05). Advanced polymer chromatography confirmed that the degradation of PLGA MPs coincided with an increase in composite porosity, mean pore size, and mode pore size. Finally, it was observed that the inclusion of GMPs slowed the degradation of PLGA MPs in vitro and reduced the solution acidity due to PLGA degradation products. Our results suggest that the dual inclusion of GMPs and PLGA MPs is a valuable approach for the generation of early macropores, while also mitigating the effect of acidic degradation products from PLGA MPs on their degradation kinetics.