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Sprint Acceleration Mechanics in Fatigue Conditions: Compensatory Role of Gluteal Muscles in Horizontal Force Production and Potential Protection of Hamstring Muscles

机译:疲劳条件下的Sprint加速力学:臀肌在水平力产生和腿筋肌的潜在保护中的补偿作用

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摘要

>Aim: Hamstring muscle injury is the main injury related to sports requiring sprint acceleration. In addition, hamstring muscles have been reported to play a role in horizontal force production during sprint acceleration performance. The aim of the present study was to analyze (i) the determinants of horizontal force production and (ii) the role of hip extensors, and hamstring muscles in particular, for horizontal force production during repeated sprint-induced fatigue conditions.>Method: In this experimental laboratory setting study including 14 sprint-trained male athletes, we analyzed (i) the changes in sprint mechanics, peak torque of the knee and hip extensors and flexors, muscle activity of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus, and sagittal plane lower limb motion, before and after twelve 6-s sprints separated by 44 s rest on an instrumented motorized treadmill, and (ii) the determinants of horizontal force production (FH) during the sprint acceleration in a fatigue state (after 12 sprints).>Results: The repeated-sprint protocol induced a decrease in maximal power output (Pmax) [-17.5 ± 8.9%; effect size (ES): 1.57, large] and in the contact-averaged horizontal force component (FH) (-8.6 ± 8.4%; ES: 0.86, moderate) but not meaningful changes in the contact-averaged resultant (total) force (FTot) (-3.4 ± 2.9%; ES: 0.55, small) and vertical force component (FV) (-3.1 ± 3.2%; ES: 0.49, small). A decrease was found in concentric peak torque of the knee flexors and extensors and in gluteus and vastus lateralis muscle activity during entire swing and end-of-swing phase. An increase was found in contact time and swing time, while step frequency and knee speed before ground contact decreased. Muscular determinants associated with FH and its decrease after the repeated-sprint protocol were concentric peak torque of the hip extensors (p = 0.033) and a decrease in gluteus maximus activity at the end-of-swing (p = 0.007), respectively.>Conclusion: Sprint-induced fatigue lead to changes in horizontal force production muscular determinants: hamstring muscle seems not to have the same role than in non-fatigue condition. Horizontal force production seems to be more dependent on the hip extensors and gluteus maximus function. Given the fatigue-induced decrease in hamstring muscle strength, we can hypothesize that muscle compensatory and kinematic strategies reported in a fatigued state could be an adaptation to allow/maintain performance and a protective adaptation to limit hamstring muscles constraints.
机译:>目标:Ham绳肌损伤是与需要加速冲刺的运动有关的主要损伤。另外,据报导绳肌在短跑加速过程中在水平力产生中发挥作用。本研究的目的是分析(i)水平力产生的决定因素,以及(ii)髋部伸肌,尤其是绳肌对于反复冲刺诱发的疲劳条件下水平力产生的作用。>方法::在这项实验性实验室环境研究中,包括14名受过短跑训练的男运动员,我们分析了(i)短跑力学的变化,膝盖和髋部伸肌和屈肌的峰值扭矩,股外侧肌,股直肌的肌肉活动十二个6 s短跑之间相隔44 s前后的股骨头,股二头肌和臀肌以及矢状面下肢运动都放置在仪器化的电动跑步机上,并且(ii)短跑加速期间水平力产生(FH)的决定因素>结果:重复冲刺协议导致最大功率输出(Pmax)降低[-17.5±8.9%;效应大小(ES):1.57,大]和接触平均水平力分量(FH)(-8.6±8.4%; ES:0.86,中等),但接触平均合力(总)变化无意义( FTot)(-3.4±2.9%; ES:0.55,小)和垂直力分量(FV)(-3.1±3.2%; ES:0.49,小)。在整个挥杆和挥杆结束阶段,膝部屈肌和伸肌的同心峰值扭矩以及臀肌和股外侧肌的活动减少。接触时间和摆动时间增加,而地面接触之前的步频和膝盖速度降低。与FH相关的肌肉决定因素及其在重复冲刺方案后的降低分别是髋伸肌的同心峰值扭矩(p = 0.033)和摆动结束时臀大肌活动的降低(p = 0.007)。 strong>结论:短跑引起的疲劳导致水平力量产生的改变肌肉决定因素:绳肌似乎与非疲劳状态下的作用不同。水平力的产生似乎更依赖于髋部伸肌和臀大肌功能。考虑到疲劳引起的绳肌力量的下降,我们可以假设在疲劳状态下报告的肌肉补偿和运动学策略可能是一种适应性运动,以允许/保持表现,并且是一种保护性适应性运动,以限制ham绳肌的约束。

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