Film clips, music, and self-referential statements (termed Velten, after their originator) have been successfully used to temporarily induce sadness and happiness. However, there is little research on the effectiveness of these procedures combined, particularly in internet-based settings, and whether Velten statements contribute to alter mood beyond the effect of simple instructions to close one's eyes and enter the targeted mood. In Study 1 (N = 106) we examined the effectiveness 80 Velten statements (positive, negative, neutral-self, neutral-facts) to create brief and effective sets that might be used in future research. In Study 2 (N = 445) we examined the effect size of 8-min combined mood induction procedures, which presented video clips in the first half and music excerpts with Velten statements or closed eyes instructions in the second half. Participants answered questionnaires on social desirability, joviality, and sadness before being randomly assigned to 1 of 7 groups varying in Valence (positive, negative, neutral) and Velten (closed eyes control, self-referential Velten, and, in the case of neutral condition, factual statements). Subsequently, participants completed the joviality and sadness scales a second time. Compared to the neutral conditions, the positive mood inductions increased joviality (Hedges G = 1.35, 95% CI [1.07, 1.63]), whereas the negative mood inductions increased sadness (Hedges G = 1.28, 95% CI [1.01, 1.55]). We did not observe any significant difference between Velten and closed eyes instructions in inducing joviality or sadness, nor did we observe any significant difference between neutral Velten statements referring to self and facts. Although social desirability bias was associated with reports of greater joviality and lower sadness, it could not account for the effects of the positive and negative mood induction procedures. We conclude that these combined mood induction procedures can be used in online research to study happy and sad mood.
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机译：电影剪辑，音乐和自我引用的陈述（在其创作者之后称为Velten）已被成功地用于暂时引起悲伤和幸福。但是，很少有关于这些程序组合的有效性的研究，尤其是在基于Internet的环境中，Velten语句是否能够改变情绪，而不仅仅是简单的指令来闭上眼睛并进入目标情绪。在研究1（N = 106）中，我们检查了80种Velten陈述（正面，负面，中立自我，中立事实）的有效性，以创建简短有效的集合，可以在将来的研究中使用。在研究2（N = 445）中，我们检查了8分钟组合式情绪感应程序的效果大小，该程序在上半部分提供了视频剪辑，在下半部分提供了带有Velten陈述或闭眼指令的音乐摘录。参加者回答了有关社会满意度，快乐性和悲伤性的问卷，然后随机分为价数（正，负，中性）和Velten（闭眼控制，自我指称Velten，在中性的情况下）的7组中的1组，事实陈述）。随后，参与者第二次完成了快乐和悲伤量表。与中性条件相比，积极的情绪诱导增加了欢乐（Hedges G = 1.35，95％CI [1.07，1.63]），而消极的情绪诱导增加了悲伤（Hedges G = 1.28，95％CI [1.01，1.55]） 。我们没有观察到Velten和闭眼指示在诱发欢乐或悲伤之间有任何显着差异，也没有观察到Velten在谈到自我和事实的中性陈述之间有任何显着差异。尽管社会可取的偏见与更多的欢乐和更低的悲伤感相关，但它不能解释正面和负面情绪诱导程序的影响。我们得出的结论是，这些组合的情绪诱导程序可以用于在线研究中，以研究快乐和悲伤的情绪。
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