Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-Associated Pneumonia and Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Older Adults: A Prospective Test-Negative Design Study

摘要

BackgroundStudies have shown that influenza vaccines are effective in preventing influenza-associated acute respiratory illnesses in older adults. However, the influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza-associated pneumonia in this age group has not been established. No study has formally investigated the IVE against pneumococcal pneumonia.