Meaning has been left outside most theoretical approaches to information in biology. Functional responses based on an appropriate interpretation of signals have been replaced by a probabilistic description of correlations between emitted and received symbols. This assumption leads to potential paradoxes, such as the presence of a maximum information associated to a channel that creates completely wrong interpretations of the signals. Game-theoretic models of language evolution and other studies considering embodied communicating agents show that the correct (meaningful) match resulting from agent-agent exchanges is always achieved and natural systems obviously solve the problem correctly. Inspired by the concept of duality of the communicative sign stated by the swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, here we present a complete description of the minimal system necessary to measure the amount of information that is consistently decoded. Several consequences of our developments are investigated, such as the uselessness of a certain amount of information properly transmitted for communication among autonomous agents.
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机译：在生物学的大多数理论方法中，意义已被抛在脑后。基于对信号的适当解释的功能响应已由发射和接收符号之间的相关性的概率描述代替。这种假设会导致潜在的悖论，例如与一个通道相关联的最大信息的存在，从而造成对信号的完全错误的解释。语言进化的博弈论模型以及其他考虑具体化沟通主体的研究表明，始终可以实现由主体－主体交换产生的正确（有意义）匹配，自然系统显然可以正确解决问题。受瑞士语言学家费迪南德·德·索绪尔（Ferdinand de Saussure）所说的通信符号对偶性概念的启发，在这里，我们对测量被一致解码的信息量所必需的最小系统进行了完整的描述。研究了我们发展的一些后果，例如，正确地传输了一定数量的信息以在自治代理之间进行通信所产生的无用性。
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