Knowledge Attitudes and Normative Beliefs as Predictors of Hookah Smoking Initiation: A Longitudinal Study of University Students

摘要

Introduction:While cross-sectional studies have shown that hookah tobacco smoking (HTS) is an increasingly popular behavior among university students, little is known about factors associated with initiation. This study sought to determine associations between knowledge, attitudes, and normative beliefs and initiation of HTS among university students.