Extracellular vesicles are increased in the serum of children with autism spectrum disorder contain mitochondrial DNA and stimulate human microglia to secrete IL-1β

摘要

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with brain inflammation as indicated by the activation of microglia, but the triggers are not known. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from many cells in the blood and other biological fluids and carry molecules that could influence the function of target cells. EVs have been recently implicated in several diseases, but their presence or function in ASD has not been studied.