HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), a ubiquitously expressed DNA-binding nucleoprotein, has not only been attributed with important functions in the regulation of gene expression but is thought to function as an important damage-associated molecular pattern in the extracellular space. Recently, conditional Hmgb1 deletion strategies have been employed to overcome the perinatal mortality of global Hmgb1 deletion and to understand HMGB1 functions under disease conditions. From these studies, it has become evident that HMGB1 is not required for normal organ function. However, the different conditional ablation strategies have yielded contradictory results in some disease models. With nearly complete recombination in all transgenic mouse models, the main reason for opposite results is likely to lie within different targeting strategies. In summary, different targeting strategies need to be taken into account when interpreting HMGB1 functions, and further efforts need to be undertaken to compare these models side by side.
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