Concurrent bladder cancer in patients undergoing photodynamic diagnostic ureterorenoscopy: how many lesions do we miss under white light cystoscopy?

摘要

IntroductionThere is an ongoing debate on panurothelial changes in the upper and lower urinary tract as multifocal presentation of urothelial cancer is well recognised. Concurrent bladder cancer impacts the outcome of the upper urinary tract urothelial cancer treatment, while its detection still relies on the white light cystoscopy.