John Hughlings Jackson (1835–1911) first clearly described apraxia in 1861, though he did not provide the specific name. Apraxias are subtle motor disorders in which there is an interruption of the organisation of movement mainly located in the left hemisphere. Hugo Karl Liepmann (1863–1925) was responsible for their elucidation, distinguishing ideomotor, limb-kinetic or innervatory, and ideational apraxias that affect distinct central associational areas of the cortex with characteristic clinical results. This notion was later expanded and clarified by Geschwind's ‘disconnection syndromes’. This article summarises the history of this important and common pattern of motor dysfunction.
展开▼
机译：约翰·休格斯·杰克逊（John Hughlings Jackson）（1835–1911）最初在1861年清楚地描述了失用症，尽管他没有提供具体的名字。失用症是一种微妙的运动障碍，其中主要位于左半球的运动组织中断。雨果·卡尔·利普曼（Hugo Karl Liepmann，1863–1925年）负责阐明它们，区分意识运动，肢体运动或神经支配和概念性失用症，这些失用症会影响皮质的不同中央结合区，并具有典型的临床效果。此概念后来由格施温德（Geschwind）的“脱节综合症”加以扩展和阐明。本文总结了这种重要而常见的运动功能障碍的历史。
展开▼
