>Background: Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients tend to exhibit cognitive decline related to the diagnosis. However, little is known about the differences or similarities in their cognitive profile. The aim of the study was to compare the cognitive functions of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients. >Methods: Thirty-four participants were assessed and divided into 3 groups—schizophrenia (SC, n = 16), schizoaffective (SA, n = 7), and healthy controls (HC, n = 11). The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, Central and South America version, was used to assess cognition. All participants signed an informed consent. Clinically stabilized outpatients were identified by psychiatrists at the National Institute of Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente” (INPRF) in Mexico City. The neuropsychological assessment was performed by trained psychologists at the same institution. HC were similar in age and gender to both clinical groups. They were captured at universities. >Results: Preliminary results show that SC had significant lower performance in most tests when compared to HC. Differences between SC and HC were observed in processing speed, verbal learning, verbal working memory, reasoning, and attention tests. HC scored significantly higher in the visual working memory test when compared to both clinical groups. EA achieved middle scores between SC and HC in most tests, although no statistical differences were found. >Conclusion: SC patients exhibit a more pronounced cognitive decline than SA patients. SA patients achieved middle scores between HC and SC in most neuropsychological tests. Interestingly, SA showed a pronounced decline in visual working memory, similar to the one observed in SC patients.
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