The surface adsorption aggregate structure and antibacterial activity of Gemini quaternary ammonium surfactants with carboxylic counterions

摘要

A group of Gemini quaternary ammonium surfactants with the formula CnH2n+1CONH(CH2)2N⁺(CH3)2(CH2)2N⁺(CH3)2(CH2)2 NHCOCnH2n+1 · 2Y (n = 11, 13 and 15, Y = HCOO⁻, CH3COO⁻ and CH3CHOHCOO⁻) have been synthesized by a counterion conversion process and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. Their adsorption and self-aggregation properties are investigated by surface tension, conductivity, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The results show that these surfactants reduce the surface tension of water to a minimum value of 26.51 mN m⁻¹ at a concentration of 5.72 × 10⁻² mmol l⁻¹. Furthermore, the increased alkyl chain length of the carboxylic counterions leads to the increased critical micelle concentration, the decreased degree of counterion binding (β) and the decreased self-assembly tendency, but the minimum area per surfactant molecule (A_min) adsorbed at the air–aqueous solution are similar. TEM images reveal that these surfactants self-assemble spontaneously into aggregates with vesicle or bilayer structures. It is also found that they have superior antibacterial activity at a concentration of 0.1 g l⁻¹. The high surface activity and high antibacterial activity of the Gemini quaternary ammonium salt surfactants containing different carboxylic counterions bring more possibilities for the application in the field of biomedicine.