Downstream boundary of chromosomal R-loops at murine switch regions: Implications for the mechanism of class switch recombination

摘要

R-loops form at Sγ3 and Sγ2b Ig class switch regions in the chromosomes of stimulated murine primary B cells and are suspected to be a general feature of mammalian class switch regions. The in vivo upstream boundary of the R-loops is known to begin within the switch repeats. To determine how precisely the R-loop structure conforms to the repetitive zone of the murine Sγ3 and Sγ2b switch regions, a chemical probing method was used to obtain structural information on the downstream boundary. We find that only 61–67% of the R-loops terminate within the Sγ3 and the Sγ2b repetitive zones, and the remainder terminate downstream, usually within the first 600 bp immediately downstream of the core switch repeats. Interestingly, the nontemplate strand G density falls to the random level gradually through this same region. Hence, the R-loops terminate as the G-richness of the nascent RNA strand falls. This finding is consistent with thermodynamic predictions for RNA:DNA duplex strength relative to that of DNA:DNA duplexes. This result contrasts with the location of known recombination breakpoints, which correlate not with G-richness and R-loop location but rather with AGCT density. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of models for the targeting of class switch recombination.