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Streptophage-mediated control of off-flavour taint producing streptomycetes isolated from barramundi ponds

机译:链霉菌介导的对从澳洲肺鱼池塘分离的产生异味的链霉菌的控制

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摘要

Off-flavour taint of aquaculture products is a global issue reducing consumer confidence in the farmed produce as they are taken up via the gills of fish, and deposited in the lipids of the animal. If the fish are not purged, resulting undesirable muddy earthy flavour taint can be tasted by consumers. These undesirable flavour and odour is caused by the terpenoid compounds namely geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, produced as secondary metabolites by certain bacteria including the cyanobacteria and actinomycetes. Current strategies to remediate the problem rely on treating the symptoms not the cause and involve the use of time consuming purging methods and costly chemicals.Biological control using bacteriophages, specific to the problem causing bacteria, offers a natural alternative to chemical control, which might reduce further complications of copper based algaecides and its subsequent implications on water quality. In an adaptation of such biological control approach streptomycetes isolated from barramundi ponds were tested for their susceptibility to streptophages to understand whether host destruction via phage lysis would subsequently eliminate off-flavour taint productions by these isolates.Following the determination of the streptophage susceptibility of the isolates one of the most odourous streptomycete species (USC-14510) was selected to be tested further using different pond simulations resembling real-life applications. Geosmin was tested as the indicator of off-flavour taint production and as it has been previously reported that the cyanobacteria-actinomycete interactions occurring in ponds result in even greater levels of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, the geosmin levels for the isolate in the presence of cyanobacteria and streptophages were also tested. Findings indicated that the highly odourous Streptomyces species (USC-14510) once infected with streptophages, can lose its capacity to produce off-flavour taints. Pond simulation studies also revealed geosmin production was significantly reduced when streptophages were introduced into the pond water where streptomycete species were grown. The bacteriophage control method developed in the presented study might again confirm significant potential for the bacteriophage-mediated remediation strategy to be adapted by the aquaculture industry.
机译:水产养殖产品的异味是一个全球性问题,因为通过鱼via摄取并沉积在动物脂质中的农产品对消费者的信心降低。如果不清洗鱼,消费者可能会尝到不合需要的泥泞泥土味异味。这些不良味道和气味是由萜类化合物即土臭素和2-甲基异冰片醇引起的,它们是由某些细菌(包括蓝细菌和放线菌)作为次级代谢产物而产生的。当前解决问题的策略依赖于治疗症状而不是原因,并涉及耗时的清除方法和昂贵的化学物质。使用噬菌体进行生物控制(针对引起问题的细菌特有的生物)是化学控制的自然替代品,这可能会减少铜基除藻剂的进一步复杂性及其对水质的影响。为了适应这种生物控制方法,测试了从澳洲肺鱼池塘中分离的链霉菌对链噬菌体的敏感性,以了解通过噬菌体裂解对宿主的破坏是否会消除这些分离株产生的异味产生。选择了一种最臭的链霉菌种(USC-14510),以便使用类似于现实生活中应用的不同池塘模拟进行进一步测试。已测试了Geosmin作为异味产生的指标,并且以前已经报道过,池塘中发生的蓝细菌-放线菌相互作用导致更高水平的Geosmin和2-甲基异冰片醇,在存在还测试了蓝细菌和链霉菌。结果表明,曾经被链噬菌体感染的高气味链霉菌种(USC-14510)可能会失去产生异味的能力。池塘模拟研究还显示,当将链霉菌引入生长链霉菌种的池塘水中时,土臭素的产生显着减少。在本研究中开发的噬菌体控制方法可能再次证实,由水产养殖业采用的噬菌体介导的修复策略具有巨大潜力。

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