Residential pesticide use is widespread in the United States. However, data are limited specific to use among minority populations. Nor are data available on the extent of pesticide exposure resulting from residential use during pregnancy. We have gathered questionnaire data on pesticide use in the home during pregnancy from 316 African-American and Dominican women residing in northern Manhattan and the South Bronx. Additionally, 72 women underwent personal air monitoring for 48 hr during their third trimester of pregnancy to determine exposure levels to 21 pesticides (19 insecticides and 2 fungicides). Of the women questioned, 266 of 314 (85%) reported that pest control measures were used in the home during pregnancy; 111 of 314 (35%) reported that their homes were sprayed by an exterminator, and of those, 45% said the spraying was done more than once per month. Most (>or= 90%) of the pesticide was used for cockroach control. Use of pest control measures increased significantly with the level of housing disrepair reported. Of the women monitored, all (100%) had detectable levels of three insecticides: the organophosphates diazinon (range, 2.0-6,010 ng/m3) and chlorpyrifos (range, 0.7-193 ng/m3) and the carbamate propoxur (range, 3.8-1,380 ng/m3), as well as the fungicide o-phenylphenol (range, 5.7-743 ng/m3). We also frequently detected the following four insecticides (47-83% of samples) but at lower concentrations: the pyrethroid trans-permethrin, piperonyl butoxide (an indicator of exposure to pyrethrins), and the organochlorines 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane and chlordane. Thirty percent of the women had detectable levels of all eight pesticides. Exposures were generally higher among African Americans than among Dominicans. We detected other pesticides in <or= 10% of samples. Results show widespread prenatal pesticide use among minority women in this cohort. Diazinon exposures for some women may have exceeded health-based levels, and our findings support recent federal action to phase out residential use of this insecticide.
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机译：居民使用杀虫剂在美国很普遍。但是，数据仅限于少数族裔使用。也没有关于怀孕期间住宅使用引起的农药暴露程度的数据。我们收集了居住在曼哈顿北部和南布朗克斯区的316位非洲裔美国人和多米尼加妇女在怀孕期间在家中使用农药的调查表数据。此外，有72名妇女在怀孕的三个月期间进行了48小时的个人空气监测，以确定其对21种农药（19种杀虫剂和2种杀真菌剂）的暴露水平。在接受调查的妇女中，有314人中有266人（85％）报告说，怀孕期间在家中使用了病虫害防治措施。 314人中有111人（35％）报告说，他们的房屋被除虫剂喷洒了，其中有45％的人说，每月要喷洒多次。大多数（> == 90％）农药用于控制蟑螂。随着报告的房屋失修水平，虫害控制措施的使用显着增加。在接受监测的妇女中，所有妇女（100％）的三种杀虫剂水平均可检测到：有机磷酸二嗪农（范围2.0-6,010 ng / m3）和毒死rif（范围0.7-193 ng / m3）和氨基甲酸酯丙氧磷（范围3.8） -1,380 ng / m3）以及杀菌剂邻苯酚（范围5.7-743 ng / m3）。我们还经常检测到以下四种杀虫剂（占样品的47-83％），但浓度较低：拟除虫菊酯反式氯菊酯，胡椒基丁醚（指示除虫菊酯的暴露程度）和有机氯1,1,1-三氯-2 ，2-双（对氯苯基）乙烷和氯丹。 30％的妇女的所有八种农药水平均可检测到。非裔美国人的接触率普遍高于多米尼加人。我们在<或= 10％的样品中检测到其他农药。结果表明，该人群中少数民族妇女普遍使用产前农药。一些妇女的二嗪农接触量可能已超过健康水平，我们的发现支持近期联邦采取行动逐步淘汰该杀虫剂在住宅中的使用。
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