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Brain-Derived Steroids Behavior and Endocrine Conflicts Across Life History Stages in Birds: A Perspective

机译：鸟类生命史各阶段的脑源性类固醇行为和内分泌冲突：一个视角

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Biological steroids were traditionally thought to be synthesized exclusively by the adrenal glands and gonads. Recent decades have seen the discovery of neurosteroid production that acts locally within the central nervous system to affect physiology and behavior. These actions include, for example, regulation of aggressive behavior, such as territoriality, and locomotor movement associated with migration. Important questions then arose as to how and why neurosteroid production evolved and why similar steroids of peripheral origin do not always fulfill these central roles? Investigations of free-living vertebrates suggest that synthesis and action of bioactive steroids within the brain may have evolved to regulate expression of specific behavior in different life history stages. Synthesis and secretion of these hormones from peripheral glands is broadcast throughout the organism via the blood stream. While widespread, general actions of steroids released into the blood might be relevant for regulation of morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits in one life history stage, such hormonal release may not be appropriate in other stages. Specific and localized production of bioactive steroids in the brain, but not released into the periphery, could be a way to avoid such conflicts. Two examples are highlighted. First, we compare the control of territorial aggression of songbirds in the breeding season under the influence of gonadal steroids with autumnal (non-breeding) territoriality regulated by sex steroid production in the brain either from circulating precursors such as dehydroepiandrosterone or local central production of sex steroids de novo from cholesterol. Second, we outline the production of 7α-hydroxypregnenolone within the brain that appears to affect locomotor behavior in several contexts. Local production of these steroids in the brain may provide specific regulation of behavioral traits throughout the year and independently of life history stage.

机译：传统上认为生物类固醇仅由肾上腺和性腺合成。近几十年来，已经发现了神经类固醇生成的发现，其在中枢神经系统内局部起作用，影响生理和行为。这些行动包括，例如，对侵略行为（例如领土）的调节，以及与迁徙相关的运动。随后出现了重要的问题，关于神经甾体产生的方式和原因以及为什么周围起源的相似类固醇不能始终发挥这些核心作用？对自由活动脊椎动物的研究表明，大脑内生物活性类固醇的合成和作用可能已经演化为调节不同生活史阶段特定行为的表达。这些激素从周围腺体的合成和分泌通过血流在整个生物体内传播。尽管类固醇释放到血液中的一般作用可能与一个生活史阶段的形态，生理和行为特征的调节有关，但这种激素释放在其他阶段可能不适合。大脑中特定的和局部的生物活性类固醇生产，但没有释放到周围，可能是避免此类冲突的一种方式。突出显示了两个示例。首先，我们比较了在性腺类固醇的影响下，在繁殖季节对鸣鸟的领土侵略的控制与秋季（非繁殖）领土的控制，该区域受性激素在大脑中的产生，既可以通过循环前体如脱氢表雄酮，也可以通过局部性中心产生从头开始合成类固醇。其次，我们概述了大脑中7α-羟基孕烯醇酮的产生，在某些情况下似乎会影响运动行为。这些类固醇在大脑中的局部产生可能会提供全年对行为特征的特定调节，而与生活史阶段无关。

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期刊名称 Frontiers in Endocrinology
作者
John C. Wingfield; Douglas W. Wacker; George E. Bentley; Kazuyoshi Tsutsui;
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作者单位

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年(卷),期 2018(9),-1
年度 2018
页码 270
总页数 8
原文格式 PDF
正文语种
中图分类情报学;
关键词
territorial aggression life history stages aromatase dehydropepiandrosterone 7α-hydroxypregnenolone locomotor activity neurosteroid;

机译：领土侵略;生活史阶段;芳香化酶;脱氢哌雄酮;7α-羟基孕烯醇酮;运动活动;神经固醇;

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2. NEUROENDOCRINE IMPACTS OF ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN BIRDS: LIFE STAGE AND SPECIES SENSITIVITIES [J] . Mary Ann Ottinger, Karen M. Dean Journal of toxicology and environmental health, Part B. Critical reviews . 2011,第5a8期

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3. Quantification of 27 yolk steroid hormones in seven shrubland bird species: interspecific patterns of hormone deposition and links to life history, development, and predation risk [J] . L. Merrill, S.J. Chiavacci, R.T. Paitz, Canadian Journal of Zoology . 2019,第1期

机译：定量七种灌木丛中的27岁蛋黄类固醇激素：血腥沉积的间隙模式，与生命历史，发展和捕食风险的联系
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5. Endocrine and Neurobehavioral Effects from Flame Retardant Exposure in Early and Juvenile Life Stages of Zebrafish [D] . Macaulay, Laura Jean. 2015

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6. Behavioral effects of brain-derived estrogens in birds [O] . Jacques Balthazart, Melanie Taziaux, Kevin Holloway, -1

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Brain-Derived Steroids Behavior and Endocrine Conflicts Across Life History Stages in Birds: A Perspective

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