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共677条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】Transmission of Chagas Disease via Blood Transfusions in 2 Immunosuppressed Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca nemestrina)

    包量

    机译 南美锥虫病通过输血传播给2个免疫抑制的猪尾猕猴（Macaca nemestrina）
    摘要：A 2.25-y-old male pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) was experimentally irradiated and received a bone marrow transplant. After transplantation and engraftment, the macaque had unexpected recurring pancytopenia and dependent edema of the prepuce, scrotum, and legs. The diagnostic work-up included a blood smear, which revealed a trypomastigote consistent with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD). We initially hypothesized that the macaque had acquired the infection when it lived in Georgia. However, because the animal had received multiple blood transfusions, all blood donors were screened for CD. One male pigtailed macaque blood donor, which was previously housed in Louisiana, was positive for T. cruzi antibodies via serology. Due to the low prevalence of infection in Georgia, the blood transfusion was hypothesized to be the source of T. cruzi infection. The transfusion was confirmed as the mechanism of transmission when screening of archived serum revealed seroconversion after blood transfusion from the seropositive blood donor. The macaque made a full clinical recovery, and further follow-up including thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and gross necropsy did not show any abnormalities associated with CD. Other animals that received blood transfusions from the positive blood donor were tested, and one additional pigtailed macaque on the same research protocol was positive for T. cruzi. Although CD has been reported to occur in many nonhuman primate species, especially pigtailed macaques, the transmission of CD via blood transfusion in nonhuman primates has not been reported previously.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Lip Salivary-Gland Hamartoma in a Cynomolgus Macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

    包量

    机译 食蟹猕猴（Macaca fascicularis）的唇唾液腺瘤
    摘要：An incidental, asymptomatic, well-circumscribed, solitary, submucosal nodular mass was detected on the mucosal surface of the inner lower lip in a female cynomolgus macaque (age, approximately 2.4 y) during a juvenile chronic toxicology study. Grossly, the nodule was soft with brown to tan discoloration and measured approximately 4 mm in diameter. Microscopically, the nodule was covered by normal stratified squamous epithelium and composed of well-circumscribed irregular lobules containing hyperplastic and normal-appearing mucinous salivary gland acini and ducts, which were separated by thick connective tissue septae. In light of the gross pathology and results of microscopic examination, salivary gland hamartoma was diagnosed. This lesion resembles adenomatoid hyperplasia of mucous salivary glands in humans, which is a rare nonneoplastic swelling. To our knowledge, this case description is the first report of a cynomolgus macaque with the rare entity of lip salivary gland hamartoma, which likely represents adenomatous hyperplasia in humans.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Surgical Correction of an Arteriovenous Fistula in a Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta)

    包量

    机译 环尾狐猴（Lemur catta）动静脉瘘的手术矫正。
    摘要：A 10-y-old ovariohysterectomized ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) was presented for exacerbation of respiratory signs. The lemur had a history of multiple examinations for various problems, including traumatic lacerations and recurrent perivulvar dermatitis. Examination revealed abnormal lung sounds and a femoral arteriovenous fistula with a palpable thrill and auscultable bruit in the right inguinal area. A diagnosis of congestive heart failure was made on the basis of exam findings, radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, and echocardiography. The lemur was maintained on furosemide until surgical ligation of the fistula was performed. Postoperative examination confirmed successful closure of the fistula and resolution of the signs of heart failure. Arteriovenous fistulas are abnormal connections between an artery and a vein that bypass the capillary bed. Large arteriovenous fistulas may result in decreased peripheral resistance and an increase in cardiac output with consequent cardiomegaly and high output heart failure. This lemur's high-flow arteriovenous fistula with secondary heart failure may have been iatrogenically induced during blood collection by prior femoral venipuncture. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of an arteriovenous fistula in a prosimian. Successful surgical correction of suspected iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulas in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) and a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) have been reported previously. Arteriovenous fistula formation should be considered as a rare potential complication of venipuncture and as a treatable cause of congestive heart failure in lemurs.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Animal Models of Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)

    包量

    机译 Q发热的动物模型（Coxiella burnetii）
    • 作者：Kevin R Bewley
    • 刊名：Comparative Medicine
    • 2013年第6期
    摘要：Q fever, caused by the pathogen Coxiella burnetii, is an acute disease that can progress to become a serious chronic illness. The organism leads an obligate, intracellular lifecycle, during which it multiplies in the phagolytic compartments of the phagocytic cells of the immune system of its hosts. This characteristic makes study of the organism particularly difficult and is perhaps one of the reasons why, more than 70 y after its discovery, much remains unknown about the organism and its pathogenesis. A variety of animal species have been used to study both the acute and chronic forms of the disease. Although none of the models perfectly mimics the disease process in humans, each opens a window onto an important aspect of the pathology of the disease. We have learned that immunosuppression, overexpression of IL10, or physical damage to the heart muscle in mice and guinea pigs can induce disease that is similar to the chronic disease seen in humans, suggesting that this aspect of disease may eventually be fully understood. Models using species from mice to nonhuman primates have been used to evaluate and characterize vaccines to protect against the disease and may ultimately yield safer, less expensive vaccines.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Hypothermic Endpoint for an Intranasal Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Mouse Model

    包量

    机译 鼻内侵袭性肺曲霉病小鼠模型的低温终点
    摘要：Immunocompromised mice were infected intranasally with Aspergillus fumigatus as part of a vaccine efficacy study. Although body temperature was measured throughout the study, a formal evaluation of its usefulness as an endpoint criterion was not performed. We retrospectively evaluated survival data and temperature records to determine whether body temperature can be used as an objective predictor of death and included in the humane endpoint criteria for this mouse model. CF1 mice were immunosuppressed with either cortisone acetate or by treatment with antiGR1 (a neutrophil-depleting antibody) and then intranasally challenged with A. fumigatus. Body temperature was measured by using an infrared noncontact thermometer a maximum of 3 times daily until death or euthanasia. A surface body temperature below 29.0 °C was correlated with a poor chance of survival, and using this cutoff point with signs of morbidity (hunched, ruffled fur, respiratory distress) reliably indicates mice for euthanasia without negatively affecting data collection. Using 2 subsequent readings of less than 31.0 °C as an endpoint would have led to premature euthanasia of only one mouse (2.2%). As a single reading, a body temperature of 28.8 °C had a sensitivity of 92.2% and specificity of 90.9%. Hypothermia proved to be a useful addition to the humane endpoint criteria for this mouse model, and veterinary and research groups should discuss their study needs in relation to animal welfare to best determine the most appropriate means of including this parameter.
  • 6.

    【2hr】A Clinically Translatable Mouse Model for Chemotherapy-Related Fatigue

    包量

    机译 化疗相关疲劳的临床可翻译小鼠模型
    摘要：Fatigue is a debilitating and pervasive complication of cancer and cancer care. Clinical research investigating potential therapies is hindered by variability in patient histories, different metrics for measuring fatigue, and environmental factors that may affect fatigue. The purpose of this study was to establish an animal model of chemotherapy-related fatigue. Female HSD:ICR mice were treated with doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg) or saline in 2 cycles (days 1 through 3 and 10 through 12). After treatment, mice were individually housed in cages equipped with running wheels. Open-field activity and motor coordination were examined after each cycle of treatment and after each week of wheel running. In a separate cohort, modafinil (50 mg/kg) was assessed as a potential treatment for fatigue. Doxorubicin administration resulted in greater than 30% less wheel running compared with that of saline controls. Activity differences were specific to wheel running: neither distance traveled in the open field nor motor coordination according to the rotarod test differed between groups. Compared with control values, RBC counts in the doxorubicin group were decreased on days 15 and 22 but recovered to control levels by study completion. Modafinil was efficacious in increasing wheel running in the doxorubicin group. The current results establish an animal model of chemotherapy-related fatigue that recapitulates the physical symptoms of cancer-related fatigue as manifested as decreased voluntary activity. This model is sensitive to pharmaceutical intervention and can be used to screen potential treatments for fatigue.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Age-Related Differences in Collagen-Induced Arthritis: Clinical and Imaging Correlations

    包量

    机译 胶原蛋白诱发的关节炎的年龄相关差异：临床和影像学相关性
    摘要：Arthritis is among the most common chronic diseases in both children and adults. Although intraarticular inflammation is the feature common among all patients with chronic arthritis there are, in addition to age at onset, clinical characteristics that further distinguish the disease in pediatric and adult populations. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the utility of microCT (µCT) and ultrasonography in characterizing pathologic age-related differences in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Juvenile (35 d old) and young adult (91 d old) male Wistar rats were immunized with bovine type II collagen and incomplete Freund adjuvant to induce polyarthritis. Naïve male Wistar rats served as controls. All paws were scored on a scale of 0 (normal paw) to 4 (disuse of paw). Rats were euthanized at 14 d after the onset of arthritis and the hindpaws imaged by µCT and ultrasonography. Young adult rats had more severe signs of arthritis than did their juvenile counterparts. Imaging demonstrated that young adult CIA rats exhibited more widespread and severe skeletal lesions of the phalanges, metatarsals, and tarsal bones, whereas juvenile CIA rats had more localized and less proliferative and osteolytic damage that was confined predominantly to the phalanges and metatarsals. This report demonstrates the utility of imaging modalities to compare juvenile and young adult rats with CIA and provides evidence that disease characteristics and progression differ between the 2 age groups. Our observations indicate that the CIA model could help discern age-related pathologic processes in inflammatory joint diseases.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Enteric Infection and Subsequent Septicemia due to Attaching and Effacing Escherichia coli in a Chinchilla

    包量

    机译 由于在龙猫中附着和暴露大肠杆菌而导致的肠道感染和随后的败血病
    摘要：An adult male chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) presented with severe lethargy and tachypnea; the physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. Due to the animal's clinical condition, it was submitted for necropsy but died immediately prior to euthanasia. Clinicopathologic findings included leukocytosis with a left-shift neutrophilia and lymphopenia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, electrolyte imbalance, cholestasis, and hepatocellular damage. Neutrophilic enteritis with gram-negative bacterial colonization, hepatic lipidosis, interstitial pneumonia, suppurative tubulonephritis, erosive gastritis, cerebral edema, and lymphoid depletion were present microscopically. Attaching and effacing, eae-positive, Escherichia coli characterized by the presence of the intimin virulence factor was isolated from both the kidney and spleen. The cause of death was attributed to acute E. coli septicemia and subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Constitutive Release of IFNγ and IL2 from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Infected with Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1

    包量

    机译 从感染猿猴T-嗜性病毒的猕猴（猕猴）的外周血单个核细胞中本构释放IFNγ和IL2
    摘要：Simian T-cell lymphotropic viruses (STLV), the nonhuman primate counterparts of human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV), are endemic in many populations of African and Asian monkeys and apes. Although an etiologic link between STLV1 infection and lymphoproliferative disorders such as malignant lymphomas has been suggested in some nonhuman primate species, most STLV infections are inapparent, and infected animals remain clinically healthy. The retroviral transactivator, tax, is well known to increase transcription of viral and cellular genes, resulting in altered cytokine profiles. This study compared the cytokine profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from 25 STLV1-seropositive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with those of age- and sex-matched seronegative controls. IFNγ, TNFα, IL10, and IL2 levels in unstimulated PBMC culture supernatants were measured at 24, 48, and 72 h by using enzyme immunoassays. IFNγ concentrations were found significantly higher in the supernatants of PBMC cultures of seropositive monkeys as compared with seronegative controls. In addition, although IL2 concentrations were not significantly elevated in the supernatants of PBMC cultures of all seropositive monkeys as compared with all seronegative controls, IL2 levels were increased in a subset of 5 pairs. Increased constitutive cytokine release occurred in the absence of spontaneous proliferation. The increased constitutive release of IFNγ and IL2 suggests that STLV1 alters immune functions in infected but clinically healthy rhesus macaques and further characterizes STLV1 infection of rhesus macaques as a potential model for human HTLV1 infection.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in an Aged Sooty Mangabey (Cercocebus atys)

    包量

    机译 老年煤烟型Mangabey（Cercocebus atys）的脑淀粉样血管病
    摘要：A 26-y-old male sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) was found at necropsy to have a moderate degree of cerebral amyloid β (Aβ) angiopathy in superficial and parenchymal blood vessels of the brain. Senile (Aβ) plaques were absent, as were neurofibrillary tangles and other signs of neurodegeneration. Affected blood vessels were arterial, capillary, and, less frequently, venous in nature. Histologically, the Aβ40 isoform was more prevalent than was Aβ42. As in humans but unlike in squirrel monkeys, the density of lesions in this mangabey increased along a rostral-to-caudal gradient. Therefore mangabeys appear to conform to the general tendency of nonhuman primates by developing cerebral Aβ angiopathy in the absence of other indices of Alzheimer-type neuropathology.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Septic Arthritis Due to Moraxella osloensis in a Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)

    包量

    机译 猕猴（猕猴）osloensis导致的败血性关节炎
    摘要：A 5.5-y-old Chinese-origin female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) presented for bilateral hindlimb lameness. The primate had been group-reared in an SPF breeding colony and was seronegative for Macacine herpesvirus 1, SIV, simian retrovirus type D, and simian T-lymphotropic virus. The macaque's previous medical history included multiple occasions of swelling in the left tarsus, and trauma to the right arm and bilateral hands. In addition, the macaque had experienced osteomyelitis of the left distal tibia and rupture of the right cranial cruciate ligament that had been surgically repaired. Abnormal physical examination findings on presentation included a thin body condition, mild dehydration, and bilaterally swollen stifles that were warm to the touch, with the right stifle more severely affected. Mild instability in the left stifle was noted, and decreased range of motion and muscle atrophy were present bilaterally. Hematologic findings included marked neutrophilia and lymphopenia and moderate anemia. Arthrocentesis and culture of joint fluid revealed Moraxella-like organisms. Treatment with enrofloxacin was initiated empirically and subsequently switched to cephalexin, which over time alleviated the joint swelling and inflammation. Definitive diagnosis of Moraxella osloensis septic arthritis was made through isolation of the organism and sequencing of the 16S rDNA region. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of Moraxella osloensis septic arthritis in a rhesus macaque.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Natural Infection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in an Imported Pigtail Macaque (Macaca nemestrina) and Management of the Exposed Colony

    包量

    机译 进口猪尾猕猴（Macaca nemestrina）的Burkholderia pseudomallei的自然感染和暴露菌落的管理
    摘要：Identification of the select agent Burkholderia pseudomallei in macaques imported into the United States is rare. A purpose-bred, 4.5-y-old pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) imported from Southeast Asia was received from a commercial vendor at our facility in March 2012. After the initial acclimation period of 5 to 7 d, physical examination of the macaque revealed a subcutaneous abscess that surrounded the right stifle joint. The wound was treated and resolved over 3 mo. In August 2012, 2 mo after the stifle joint wound resolved, the macaque exhibited neurologic clinical signs. Postmortem microbiologic analysis revealed that the macaque was infected with B. pseudomallei. This case report describes the clinical evaluation of a B. pseudomallei-infected macaque, management and care of the potentially exposed colony of animals, and protocols established for the animal care staff that worked with the infected macaque and potentially exposed colony. This article also provides relevant information on addressing matters related to regulatory issues and risk management of potentially exposed animals and animal care staff.
  • 13.

    【2hr】The Hidden Cost of Housing Practices: Using Noninvasive Imaging to Quantify the Metabolic Demands of Chronic Cold Stress of Laboratory Mice

    包量

    机译 住房实践的隐性成本：使用无创成像量化实验室小鼠慢性冷应激的代谢需求
    摘要：Laboratory mice routinely are housed at 20 to 22 °C—well below the murine thermoneutral zone of 29 to 34 °C. Chronic cold stress requires greater energy expenditure to maintain core body temperature and can lead to the failure of mouse models to emulate human physiology. We hypothesized that mice housed at ambient temperatures of 20 to 22 °C are chronically cold-stressed, have greater energy expenditure, and have high glucose utilization in brown adipose tissue. To test our hypotheses, we used indirect calorimetry to measure energy expenditure and substrate utilization in C57BL/6J and Crl:NU-Foxn1nu nude mice at routine vivarium (21 °C), intermediate (26 °C), and heated (31 °C) housing temperatures. We also examined the activation of interscapular brown adipose tissue, the primary site of nonshivering thermogenesis, via thermography and glucose uptake in this region by using positron emission tomography. Energy expenditure of mice was significantly higher at routine vivarium temperatures compared with intermediate and heated temperatures and was associated with a shift in metabolism toward glucose utilization. Brown adipose tissue showed significant activation at routine vivarium and intermediate temperatures in both hirsuite and nude mice. Crl:NU-Foxn1nu mice experienced greater cold stress than did C57BL/6J mice. Our data indicate mice housed under routine vivarium conditions are chronically cold stress. This novel use of thermography can measure cold stress in laboratory mice housed in vivaria, a key advantage over classic metabolic measurement tools. Therefore, thermography is an ideal tool to evaluate novel husbandry practices designed to alleviate murine cold stress.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Stage of the Estrous Cycle Does Not Influence Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

    包量

    机译 发情周期的阶段不影响大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤（Rattus norvegicus）
    摘要：Even though cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for men and women, the vast majority of animal studies use male animals. Because female reproductive hormones have been associated with cardioprotective states, many investigators avoid using female animals because these hormones are cyclical and may introduce experimental variability. In addition, no studies have investigated the specific effects of the estrous cycle on cardiac ischemic injury. This study was conducted to determine whether the estrous cycle stage influences the susceptibility to ischemic injury in rat hearts. Estrous cycle stage was determined by using vaginal smear cytology, after which hearts underwent either in vivo (surgical) or ex vivo (isolated) ischemia–reperfusion injury. For in vivo studies, the left anterior coronary artery was ligated for 25 min of ischemia and subsequently released for 120 min of reperfusion. Infarct sizes were 42% ± 6%; 49% ± 4%; 40% ± 9%; 47% ± 9% of the zone-at-risk for rats in proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus, respectively. For ex vivo studies, isolated, perfused hearts underwent global ischemia and reperfusion for 25 and 120 min, respectively. Similar to our in vivo studies, the ex vivo rat model showed no significant differences in susceptibility to infarction or extent of cardiac arrhythmia according to estrous stage. To our knowledge, these studies provide the first direct evidence that the stage of estrous cycle does not significantly alter cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Assessing the Pulsatility of Luteinizing Hormone in Female Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus)

    包量

    机译 评估雌性黑长尾猴（Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus）的黄化激素的搏动性
    摘要：Specific alterations in the pulsatility of luteinizing hormone (LH) are linked to obesity-related subfertility in ovulatory women. Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are an Old World nonhuman primate that develops obesity and has a menstrual cycle similar to humans. We evaluated follicular-phase LH pulses in 12 adult normal-weight female vervets. Serum was collected every 10 min for 4 h by using a tether device in conscious, freely moving monkeys on menstrual cycle days 2 through 5. Serum estradiol was collected daily during the follicular phase to identify the luteal–follicular transition. For comparison, we used data from 12 ovulatory normal-weight women who had undergone frequent blood sampling of early-follicular LH. LH pulse frequency was similar, with 2.8 ± 0.7 LH pulses during 4 h in vervets compared with 2.3 ± 0.7 LH pulses during 4 h in women. The LH pulse mass (percentage change in the pulse peak over the preceding nadir) was 123.2% ± 27.4% in vervets and 60.9% ± 14.9% in humans. The first day of low serum estradiol after the follicular-phase peak was denoted as the day of the luteal–follicular transition. Luteectomy was performed on luteal days 7 through 9, and corpora lutea were confirmed by histology. We demonstrate that follicular LH patterns in vervets are similar to those in humans and that the luteal phase is easily identified by monitoring daily serum estradiol. These findings demonstrate that vervet monkeys are a suitable animal model for evaluating LH pulse dynamics longitudinally in studies of diet-induced obesity.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Generalized Seizure Activity in an Adult Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) during Ketamine Anesthesia and Urodynamic Studies

    包量

    机译 成人氯胺酮麻醉和尿动力学研究中恒河猴（猕猴）的全身性癫痫发作活动。
    摘要：We report a case of a generalized seizure in an adult female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) undergoing a urodynamic evaluation while she was anesthetized with continuous-infusion ketamine. The seizure presented with generalized tonic–clonic activity during bladder infusion with saline. The tonic–clonic phase was self-limited and was followed by focal facial twitching, which was interrupted by bolus administration of intravenous diazepam. The ictal event was documented as pressure oscillations during cystometrogram recordings and a period of external urethral sphincter muscle activation, which was detectable by electromyography. An acute decrease in urethral pressure was demonstrated at the end of the generalized seizures. Ketamine anesthesia combined with relatively rapid infusion of saline into the bladder may have contributed to the onset of seizures. In addition, this case highlights the value of having a fast-acting benzodiazepine agent available to stop continuous or residual seizure activity during diagnostic or experimental procedures in anesthetized nonhuman primates.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Juvenile Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)

    包量

    机译 幼年猕猴（Macaca mulatta）中的转移性肝细胞癌
    摘要：Neoplasia in juvenile (younger than 5 y) rhesus macaques has been estimated to represent only approximately 1.4% of all occurrences of spontaneous neoplasia. Here we report an unusual case of a 3.75-y-old primiparous female rhesus macaque that was euthanized due to poor prognosis associated with progressive anemia, marked hepatomegaly, and radiographic evidence of metastatic neoplasia. Postmortem examination revealed an invasive, hemorrhagic hepatic mass that effaced approximately 70% of the liver parenchyma and had evidence of metastatic spread to multiple abdominal organs, the lungs, and the pituitary gland. Neoplastic polygonal cells lined large necrohemorrhagic cavities and exhibited marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, with frequent multinucleate cells. There was no desmoplasia associated with the primary neoplasm or metastases. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the neoplastic cells to be diffusely reactive with pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 8/18 antibodies and rarely reactive with carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies. The cells did not react with vimentin, S100, CD31, or factor VIII antibodies. Tumor morphology and immunophenotype led to the diagnosis of anaplastic hepatocellular carcinoma. This report represents the first known case of metastatic liver neoplasia in a rhesus macaque. The young age of this animal and the aggressive nature of the neoplasm are highly unusual and reminiscent of adolescent onset hepatocellular carcinoma in humans.
  • 18.

    【2hr】The AALAS Journals: 2012 in Review

    包量

    机译 AALAS期刊：2012年回顾
    摘要：
  • 19.

    【2hr】Trichodina xenopodus, a Ciliated Protozoan, in a Laboratory-Maintained Xenopus laevis

    包量

    机译 Trichodina xenopodus，有纤毛的原生动物，在实验室维护的非洲爪蟾中
    摘要：A postmortem evaluation of a domestically bred, adult, female Xenopus laevis revealed the presence of a urinary bladder protozoan consistent with Trichodina xenopodus. T. xenopodus is considered an incidental finding, as its presence in the urinary bladder in frogs has not been correlated with disease or with urinary bladder epithelial lesions. Trichodina spp. are ciliated protozoa known to colonize many species of amphibians and fish. These protozoa frequently inhabit the skin and gills, but may also be present in the urinary bladder of infected animals. Their presence on the skin and gills in low numbers is not related to disease; however, large numbers may indicate poor water quality and overcrowding.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Failure-to-Thrive Syndrome Associated with Tumor Formation by Madin–Darby Canine Kidney Cells in Newborn Nude Mice

    包量

    机译 Madin-Darby犬肾细胞与新生裸鼠的肿瘤形成相关的失败性综合症。
    摘要：Tumors that formed in newborn nude mice that were inoculated with 107 Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were associated with a failure-to-thrive (FTT) syndrome consisting of growth retardation, lethargy, weakness, and dehydration. Scoliosis developed in 41% of affected pups. Pups were symptomatic by week 2; severely affected pups became moribund and required euthanasia within 3 to 4 wk. Mice with FTT were classified into categories of mild, moderate, and severe disease by comparing their weight with that of age-matched normal nude mice. The MDCK-induced tumors were adenocarcinomas that invaded adjacent muscle, connective tissue, and bone; 6 of the 26 pups examined had lung metastases. The induction of FTT did not correlate with cell-line aggressiveness as estimated by histopathology or the efficiency of tumor formation (tumor-forming dose 50% endpoint range = 102.8 to 107.5); however, tumor invasion of the paravertebral muscles likely contributed to the scoliosis noted. In contrast to the effect of MDCK cells, tumor formation observed in newborn mice inoculated with highly tumorigenic, human-tumor–derived cell lines was not associated with FTT development. We suggest that tumor formation and FTT are characteristics of these MDCK cell inocula and that FTT represents a new syndrome that may be similar to the cachexia that develops in humans with cancer or other diseases.
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