• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史

您现在的位置：首页>美国卫生研究院文献>Comparative Medicine

期刊信息

  • 期刊名称：

    -

  • 刊频： Six no. a year
  • NLM标题： Comp Med
  • iso缩写： -
  • ISSN： -

年度选择

更多>>

  • 排序：
  • 显示：
  • 每页：
全选（0）
<13/20>
共677条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】Asthma in an Adult Female Vervet Monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus)

    包量

    机译 成年雌性黑长尾猴（Chlorocebus sabaeus）的哮喘
    摘要：A 9-y-old, colony-bred, female vervet monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) presented with a 6-y history of open-mouth breathing, tachypnea, and sibilant wheezing. These symptoms did not significantly affect her activity or quality of life. Thoracic radiographs and results of bronchoalveolar lavage supported the diagnosis of asthma. Treatment comprising intramuscular prednisolone (tapered over 2 mo from twice daily to every other day), inhaled salmeterol–fluticasone (25 µg–250 µg per actuation twice daily) by mask, and a metered dose inhaler was successful in restoring a normal respiratory pattern. Despite the availability of several primate models of human asthma, this case represents the first report of spontaneous asthma in a NHP.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Abstracts of Scientific Papers: AISAL Symposium Naples

    包量

    机译 科学论文摘要：AISAL研讨会那不勒斯
    • 作者：
    • 刊名：Comparative Medicine
    • 2016年第1期
    摘要：
  • 3.

    【2hr】AALAS Position Statement on the Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

    包量

    机译 AALAS关于人道关怀和使用实验动物的立场声明
    • 作者：
    • 刊名：Comparative Medicine
    • 2016年第1期
    摘要：
  • 4.

    【2hr】Competing Interests Policy for AALAS Journals

    包量

    机译 AALAS期刊的竞争利益政策
    摘要：
  • 5.

    【2hr】Competing Interests Policy for AALAS Journals

    包量

    机译 AALAS期刊的竞争利益政策
    摘要：
  • 6.

    【2hr】Alopecia: Possible Causes and Treatments, Particularly in Captive Nonhuman Primates

    包量

    机译 脱发：可能的原因和治疗，尤其是在人工圈养的非人类灵长类动物中
    • 作者：David Chu
    • 刊名：Comparative Medicine
    • 2015年第3期
    摘要：
  • 7.

    【2hr】Response to Dr. Chu's Letter to the Editor:

    包量

    机译 回应朱博士给编辑的信：
    摘要：
  • 8.

    【2hr】Deletion of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 Modifies the Response to Mechanical Bone Marrow Ablation in a Mouse Model

    包量

    机译 丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶磷酸酶1的删除修改对小鼠模型机械骨髓消融的反应。
    摘要：The maintenance of bone mass results from a delicate balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Understanding these processes is essential for the development of effective treatments for skeletal diseases. Mechanical bone marrow ablation provides a unique animal model to study bone repair and the roles of specific genes in this process. Ablation of marrow induces the formation of intramembranous bone in the medullary cavity, which is subsequently resorbed by osteoclasts. We used this model to ask whether mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 (MKP1) affects the bone formed in response to marrow ablation. MKP1 is a negative regulator of MAPK signaling, which is essential for a wide variety of cellular mechanisms, including those critical for osteoblast and osteoclast function. At 10 d after mechanical bone marrow ablation, the femurs of male mkp1+/+ and mkp1−/− mice were compared with those of unoperated baseline mice by using radiography, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and microcomputed tomography. Both genotypes developed increased bone mass after marrow ablation, but the increase was more pronounced in mkp1−/− mice compared with mkp1+/+ mice. These results indicate that MKP1 affects the bone formed in response to marrow ablation and suggest encouraging possibilities for the use of inhibitors of MKP1 to modulate bone repair.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Moxidectin Toxicity in Senescence-Accelerated Prone and Resistant Mice

    包量

    机译 Moxidectin在衰老加速和耐药小鼠中的毒性
    摘要：Moxidectin has been used safely as an antiparasitic in many animal species, including for the eradication of the mouse fur mite, Mycoptes musculinus. Although no side effects of moxidectin have previously been reported to occur in mice, 2 strains of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP8 and SAMR1) sustained considerable mortality after routine prophylactic treatment. To investigate the mechanism underlying this effect, moxidectin toxicosis in these mice was evaluated in a controlled study. Moxidectin was applied topically (0.015 mg), and drug concentrations in both brain and serum were analyzed by using HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry. The moxidectin concentration in brain of SAMP8 mice was 18 times that in controls, and that in brain of SAMR1 mice was 14 times higher than in controls, whereas serum moxidectin concentrations did not differ significantly among the 3 strains. Because deficiency of the blood–brain barrier protein P-glycoprotein leads to sensitivity to this class of drugs in other SAM mice, Pgp immunohistochemistry of brain sections from a subset of mice was performed to determine whether this commercially available analysis could predict sensitivity to this class of drug. The staining analysis showed no difference among the strains of mice, indicating that this test does not correlate with sensitivity. In addition, no gross or histologic evidence of organ toxicity was found in brain, liver, lung, or kidney. This report shows that topically applied moxidectin at a standard dose accumulates in the CNS causing toxicosis in both SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Endpoints for Mouse Abdominal Tumor Models: Refinement of Current Criteria

    包量

    机译 小鼠腹部肿瘤模型的终点：当前标准的完善。
    摘要：Accurate, rapid, and noninvasive health assessments are required to establish more appropriate endpoints in mouse cancer models where tumor size is not easily measured. We evaluated potential endpoints in mice with experimentally induced peritoneal lymphoma, an abdominal tumor model, by comparing body weight, body condition, and behavior with those of a control group of mice not developing lymphoma. Our hypothesis was that body weight would increase or plateau, whereas body condition and behavioral scores would decrease, as disease progressed. Results indicated that body weight did not differ significantly between the control and experimental groups, but the experimental group experienced significant decreases in both body condition and behavioral scores. Our results support the use of body condition and behavioral scoring as adjunctive assessment methods for mice involved in abdominal lymphoma tumor studies in which health may decline despite an increase or plateau in body weight.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Use of Fat-Fed Rats to Study the Metabolic and Vascular Sequelae of Obesity and β-Adrenergic Antagonism

    包量

    机译 用脂肪喂养的大鼠研究肥胖和β-肾上腺素拮抗作用的代谢和血管后遗症。
    摘要：Obesity-associated cardiovascular disease exerts profound human and monetary costs, creating a mounting need for cost-effective and relevant in vivo models of the complex metabolic and vascular interrelationships of obesity. Obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Free fatty acids (FFA), generated partly through β-adrenergic receptor-mediated lipolysis, may impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) by proinflammatory mechanisms. β-Adrenergic antagonists protect against cardiovascular events by mechanisms not fully defined. We hypothesized that β antagonists may exert beneficial effects, in part, by inhibiting lipolysis and reducing FFA. Further, we sought to evaluate the fat-fed rat as an in vivo model of obesity-induced inflammation and EDV. Control and fat-fed rats were given vehicle or β antagonist for 28 d. Serum FFA were measured to determine the association to serum IL6, TNFα, and C-reactive protein and to femoral artery EDV. Compared with controls, fat-fed rats weighed more and had higher FFA, triglyceride, leptin, and insulin levels. Unexpectedly, in control and fat-fed rats, β antagonism increased FFA, yet inflammatory cytokines were reduced and EDV was preserved. Therefore, reduction of FFA is unlikely to be the mechanism by which β antagonists protect the endothelium. These results reflect the need for validation of ex vivo models of obesity-induced inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, concurrent with careful control of dietary fat composition and treatment duration.
  • 12.

    【2hr】The Physiologic Responses of Dutch Belted Rabbits Infected with Inhalational Anthrax

    包量

    机译 荷兰带状兔子吸入炭疽感染后的生理反应
    摘要：Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a category A priority pathogen that causes extensive damage in humans. For this reason, B. anthracis has been the focus of numerous studies using various animal models. In this study, we explored physiologic parameters in Dutch belted rabbits with inhalation anthrax to characterize the disease progression in this model. To this end, we infected Dutch belted rabbits with 100 LD50 B. anthracis Ames spores by nasal instillation and continuously recorded various physiologic parameters by using telemetry. In addition, samples were collected at selected times for serum chemistry, hematology, and blood gas analysis. The animals exhibited hemodynamic and respiratory changes that coincided with those reported in human cases of inhalational anthrax infection, including hypotension, altered heart rate, and respiratory distress. Likewise, hematology, serum chemistry, and blood gas analysis revealed trends comparable to human anthrax-related pathophysiology. The Dutch belted rabbit model of inhalational anthrax exhibited most of the physiologic, hematologic, and biochemical sequelae noted in human cases. Therefore, this rabbit model fulfills several of the criteria of a useful animal model for studying disease pathogenesis and evaluating therapeutics during inhalational anthrax.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Assessing Anticalcification Treatments in Bioprosthetic Tissue by Using the New Zealand Rabbit Intramuscular Model

    包量

    机译 使用新西兰兔肌内模型评估生物修复组织中的抗钙化治疗
    摘要：The objective of this work was to demonstrate that the New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit intramuscular model can be used for detecting calcification in bioprosthetic tissue and to compare the calcification in the rabbit to that of native human valves. The rabbit model was compared with the commonly used Sprague–Dawley rat subcutaneous model. Eighteen rabbits and 18 rats were used to assess calcification in bioprosthetic tissue over time (7, 14, 30, and 90 d). The explanted rabbit and rat tissue discs were measured for calcium by using atomic absorption and Raman spectroscopy. Calcium deposits on the human valve explants were assessed by using Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the NZW rabbit model is robust for detecting calcification in a shorter duration (14 d), with less infection complications, more space to implant tissue groups (thereby reducing animal use numbers), and a more metabolically and mechanically dynamic environment than the rat subcutaneous model . The human explanted valves and rabbit explanted tissue both showed Raman peaks at 960 cm−1 which is representative of hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite is the final calcium and phosphate species in the calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves and rabbit intramuscular implants. The NZW rabbit intramuscular model is an effective model for assessing calcification in bioprosthetic tissue.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Comparison of 3 Methods to Induce Acute Pulmonary Hypertension in Pigs

    包量

    机译 三种诱导猪急性肺动脉高压的方法的比较
    摘要：Large animal models for acute pulmonary hypertension (PHT) show distinct differences between species and underlying mechanisms. Two embolic procedures and continuous infusion of a stable thromboxane A2 analogue (U46619) were explored for their ability to induce PHT and their effects on right ventricular function and pulmonary and systemic circulation in 9 pigs. Injection of small (100 to 200 µm) or large (355 to 425 µm) polystyrene beads and incremental dosage (0.2 to 0.8 µg kg−1 min−1) of U46619 all induced PHT. However, infusion of U46619 resulted in stable PHT, whereas that after bead injection demonstrated a gradual continuous decline in pressure. This instability was most pronounced with small beads, due to right ventricular failure and consecutive circulatory collapse. Furthermore, cardiac output decreased during U46619 infusion but increased after embolization with no relevant differences in systemic pressure. This result was likely due to the more pronounced effect of U46619 on pulmonary resistance and impedance in combination with limited effects on pulmonary gas exchange. Coronary autoregulation and adaption of contractility to afterload increase was not impaired by U46619. All parameters returned to baseline values after infusion was discontinued. Continuous infusion of a thromboxane A2 analogue is an excellent method for induction of stable, acute PHT in large animal hemodynamic studies.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Comparison of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease in Humans and Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

    包量

    机译 人类和黑猩猩（盘状穴居人）的氧化应激和心血管疾病的生物标记物的比较
    摘要：In the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging, the aging process is the result of cumulative damage by reactive oxygen species. Humans and chimpanzees are remarkably similar; but humans live twice as long as chimpanzees and therefore are believed to age at a slower rate. The purpose of this study was to compare biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, and aging between male chimpanzees and humans. Compared with men, male chimpanzees were at increased risk for cardiovascular disease because of their significantly higher levels of fibrinogen, IGF1, insulin, lipoprotein a, and large high-density lipoproteins. Chimpanzees showed increased oxidative stress, measured as significantly higher levels of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-deoxyuridine and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, a higher peroxidizability index, and higher levels of the prooxidants ceruloplasmin and copper. In addition, chimpanzees had decreased levels of antioxidants, including α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and tocopherols, as well as decreased levels of the cardiovascular protection factors albumin and bilirubin. As predicted by the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging, male chimpanzees exhibit higher levels of oxidative stress and a much higher risk for cardiovascular disease, particularly cardiomyopathy, compared with men of equivalent age. Given these results, we hypothesize that the longer lifespan of humans is at least in part the result of greater antioxidant capacity and lower risk of cardiovascular disease associated with lower oxidative stress.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Errata

    包量

    机译 勘误
    • 作者：
    • 刊名：Comparative Medicine
    • 2015年第3期
    摘要：
  • 17.

    【2hr】Systematic Literature Review of Risk Factors and Treatments for Ulcerative Dermatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

    包量

    机译 C57BL / 6小鼠溃疡性皮炎危险因素和治疗方法的系统文献综述
    摘要：Ulcerative dermatitis (UD) in C57BL/6 mice is poorly understood and challenging to treat. We sought to evaluate the evidence regarding commonly cited risk factors for UD and reported UD treatments. The terms ‘ulcerative dermatitis’ and ‘C57BL/6’ were used to search 3 electronic databases. The resulting 347 articles were screened to identify publications that compared the risk of spontaneous UD in wild-type C57BL/6 mice according to sex, season, diet, or age and those that compared the degree of healing or rate of lesion resolution according to the intervention used. Articles were evaluated by using published criteria for assessing methodologic quality, including study design, number of animals per study group, case definition, method of diagnosis, randomization, enrollment criteria, exclusion criteria, and outcomes. The search identified 11 publications on risk factors that met the inclusion criteria, and no publication on UD treatment met all of the criteria. Relaxing the inclusion criteria for reporting of risk factors and treatment outcomes to include both wild-type C57BL/6 mice and genetically engineered mice on a B6 background yielded 12 publications on risk factors and 3 publications on treatment. Dietary factors, particularly caloric restriction, appear to influence UD risk. Female sex was inconsistently associated with a higher risk of UD, which most often occurred in 13- to 24-mo-old mice in the studies that were reviewed. Only 1 of the 3 publications that evaluated UD treatments included an untreated group or alternative therapy control. Further research is needed to explore epidemiologic aspects of UD and to compare treatment options.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Daytime Blue Light Enhances the Nighttime Circadian Melatonin Inhibition of Human Prostate Cancer Growth

    包量

    机译 白天的蓝光增强了夜间昼夜节律性褪黑激素对人类前列腺癌生长的抑制作用。
    摘要：Light controls pineal melatonin production and temporally coordinates circadian rhythms of metabolism and physiology in normal and neoplastic tissues. We previously showed that peak circulating nocturnal melatonin levels were 7-fold higher after daytime spectral transmittance of white light through blue-tinted (compared with clear) rodent cages. Here, we tested the hypothesis that daytime blue-light amplification of nocturnal melatonin enhances the inhibition of metabolism, signaling activity, and growth of prostate cancer xenografts. Compared with male nude rats housed in clear cages under a 12:12-h light:dark cycle, rats in blue-tinted cages (with increased transmittance of 462–484 nm and decreased red light greater than 640 nm) evinced over 6-fold higher peak plasma melatonin levels at middark phase (time, 2400), whereas midlight-phase levels (1200) were low (less than 3 pg/mL) in both groups. Circadian rhythms of arterial plasma levels of linoleic acid, glucose, lactic acid, pO2, pCO2, insulin, leptin, and corticosterone were disrupted in rats in blue cages as compared with the corresponding entrained rhythms in clear-caged rats. After implantation with tissue-isolated PC3 human prostate cancer xenografts, tumor latency-to-onset of growth and growth rates were markedly delayed, and tumor cAMP levels, uptake–metabolism of linoleic acid, aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), and growth signaling activities were reduced in rats in blue compared with clear cages. These data show that the amplification of nighttime melatonin levels by exposing nude rats to blue light during the daytime significantly reduces human prostate cancer metabolic, signaling, and proliferative activities.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Struvite Urolithiasis in Long–Evans Rats

    包量

    机译 长埃文斯大鼠的鸟粪石尿石症
    摘要：Struvite urinary calculi, which are composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate, can cause complications including sepsis and renal failure. Struvite calculi were identified within the urinary bladder and renal pelvis of 2 Long-Evans rats that died within days after arrival from a commercial vendor. The remaining rats in the shipment were screened by physical examination, radiography, and ultrasonography, revealing an additional 2 animals that were clinically affected. These rats were euthanized, necropsied, and yielded similar findings to those from the first 2 rats. In addition, urine samples had an alkaline pH and contained numerous bacteria (predominantly Proteus mirabilis), leukocytes, and crystals. All calculi were composed completely of struvite. Another 7 rats in the shipment had alkaline urine with the presence of blood cells; 6 of these rats also had abundant struvite crystals, and P. mirabilis was cultured from the urine of 3 rats. Further investigation by the vendor identified 2 of 100 rats with struvite calculi from the same colony. Although no specific cause could be implicated, the fact that all the affected rats came from the same breeding area suggests a genetic or environmental triggering event; a contribution due to diet cannot be ruled out. Our findings suggest that the affected rats had metabolic disturbances coupled with bacterial infection that predisposed them to develop struvite calculi. During sudden increases of struvite urinary calculi cases in rats, urine cultures followed by appropriate surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy is warranted. Additional factors, including diet, merit attention as well.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Assessment of Blood Collection from the Lateral Saphenous Vein for Microfilaria Counts in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) Infected with Brugia pahangi

    包量

    机译 从大隐静脉感染的蒙古沙鼠（Meriones unguiculatus）的侧隐静脉采集的血液中的微丝aria计数评估。
    摘要：The NIH guidelines for survival bleeding of mice and rats note that using the retroorbital plexus has a greater potential for complications than do other methods of blood collection and that this procedure should be performed on anesthetized animals. Lateral saphenous vein puncture has a low potential for complications and can be performed without anesthesia. Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) are the preferred rodent model for filarial parasite research. To monitor microfilaria counts in the blood, blood sampling from the orbital plexus has been the standard. Our goal was to refine the blood collection technique. To determine whether blood collection from the lateral saphenous vein was a feasible alternative to retroorbital sampling, we compared microfilaria counts in blood samples collected by both methods from 21 gerbils infected with the filarial parasitic worm Brugia pahangi. Lateral saphenous vein counts were equivalent to retroorbital counts at relatively high counts (greater than 50 microfilariae per 20 µL) but were significantly lower than retroorbital counts when microfilarial concentrations were lower. Our results indicate that although retroorbital collection may be preferable when low concentrations of microfilariae need to be enumerated, the lateral saphenous vein is a suitable alternative site for blood sampling to determine microfilaremia and is a feasible refinement that can benefit the wellbeing of gerbils.
题名 作者 来源 发表时间

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号