• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史

您现在的位置：首页>美国卫生研究院文献>Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology

期刊信息

  • 期刊名称：

    -

  • 刊频： Two no. a year
  • NLM标题： Clin Pediatr Endocrinol
  • iso缩写： -
  • ISSN： -

年度选择

更多>>

  • 排序：
  • 显示：
  • 每页：
全选（0）
<11/16>
共320条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】Relation between Delayed Superfluous Insulin Secretion during An Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Metabolic Disorders in Obese Japanese Children

    包量

    机译 肥胖日本儿童口服葡萄糖耐量试验中延迟多余的胰岛素分泌与代谢紊乱之间的关系
    摘要：The aim of this study was to clarify the relation between postprandial hyperinsulinemia and metabolic disorders in obese children. Twenty-eight obese Japanese children (8.8–16.2 yr) were divided into four groups: without impaired liver function and dyslipidemia (Group A), with impaired liver function (Group B), with dyslipidemia (Group C), and with impaired liver function and dyslipidemia (Group D). The levels of PG, serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and serum C-peptide (CPR) were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The subjects had delayed superfluous insulin and CPR secretion during the OGTT compared with healthy references. In regard to the insulin secretion pattern, Group A’s response peaked at 60 min and then decreased gradually until 120 min, Group B’s response peaked at 60 min, remained at the peak until 120 min and then decreased gradually until 180 min, Group C’s response peaked at 120 min and then decreased gradually until 180 min, and Group D’s response peaked at 120 min and remained at the peak until 180 min. These results suggest that delayed superfluous insulin secretion during an OGTT is related to metabolic disorders in obese Japanese children and that these patients will experience a vicious cycle of postprandial hyperinsulinemia and metabolic disorders. It is important to prevent healthy children from becoming obese and to improve management of childhood obesity.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Characterization of Diabetes Mellitus in Japanese Prader-WilliSyndrome

    包量

    机译 日本Prader-Willi糖尿病的表征综合症
    摘要：Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is frequently associated with marked obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Although the overall frequency of DM in PWS ranges from 7–20%, there is only limited data available on Japanese patients. This study evaluated five factors associated with DM in PWS: 1) frequency, 2) age of onset, 3) risk factors, 4) long-term complications and 5) treatment. Sixty-five patients, ranging in age from 10 to 53 yr, were studied retrospectively. The frequency of DM in patients over 10 yr of age was 26.2% (17/65 patients). The age of DM onset ranged from 10 to 29 yr with a median age of 15 yr. The body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in the DM group in comparison with the non-DM group. The number of patients using growth hormone (GH) in the DM group was significantly lower than the number that did not. Proteinuria (urinary excretion of albumin/creatinine at spot collection: U-Alb/Cr ≥300 mg/gCr) was observed in 1/17 patients (5.9%), microalbuminuria (U-Alb/Cr 30–300 mg/gCr) was observed in 4/17 patients (23.5%) and nonproliferative retinopathy was observed in 2/17 patients (11.8%). Among oral hypoglycemic agents, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GI) were most often used in our patients (10/17, 58.8%). Eleven out of 17 patients (64.7%) had been treated with insulin.
  • 3.

    【2hr】A Report of Three Girls with Antithyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis; Retrospective Analysis of 18 Cases Aged 15 Years or Younger Reported between 1995 and 2009

    包量

    机译 三名抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞缺乏症女孩的报告；回顾性分析1995年至2009年报告的15岁以下15例
    摘要：Agranulocytosis is an extremely serious, although rare, adverse effect of antithyroid drugs (ATDs), including methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU), in children and adolescents. There are few reports about the characteristics of ATD-induced agranulocytosis in Japanese children and adolescents. This report presents the cases of three girls with ATD-induced agranulocytosis and a retrospective analysis of 18 patients with ATD-induced agranulocytosis, whose cases had been referred to the drug manufacturer, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Our 3 patients, ranging in age from 12 to 14 yr, developed ATD-induced agranulocytosis between the 15th and 57th day of ATD treatment for hyperthyroidism. Fever and sore throat were the earliest symptoms of agranulocytosis. The patients were rescued by ceasing ATD therapy and administering antibiotics, potassium iodide, glucocorticoid, immunoglobulin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). We retrospectively analyzed 18 cases of ATD-induced agranulocytosis treated with MMI in 16 cases and PTU in 2 cases. Twelve patients were treated with 20–45 mg/d MMI. Agranulocytosis developed between the 15th and 1,344th day of therapy. In conclusion, considering the risk of ATD-induced agranulocytosis, we recommend low-dose MMI therapy for treatment of Graves’ disease.
  • 4.

    【2hr】The Cubic Functions for Spline Smoothed L, S and M Values for BMI Reference Data of Japanese Children

    包量

    机译 日本儿童BMI参考数据的样条曲线平滑L，S和M值的三次函数
    摘要：
  • 5.

    【2hr】Epidemiological Studies of the Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease in Japan: APediatric Perspective in Present Day Japan

    包量

    机译 日本成人健康与疾病发展起源的流行病学研究：A当今日本的儿科观点
    摘要：The origins of adult disease are considered to relate to fetal undernutrition, and this concept is termed “developmental origins of adult health and disease” (DOHaD). Here, we describe several epidemiological studies performed in Japan and discuss whether DOHaD is applicable to children in present day Japan. In a study of healthy children and young adults, it was found that systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and adiponectin were associated with birth weight. Hyperinsulinemia, high blood pressure, elevated transaminase levels and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese children were inversely correlated with birth weight and positively correlated with current weight and waist circumference. Birth weight was related to the development of type 2 diabetes in children. DOHaD is therefore considered to be applicable in Japan. The key considerations of DOHaD are the following two mismatches. The first mismatch pertains to growth and development in response to environmental influences, especially those of nutrition. The second mismatch pertains to the prenatal versus postnatal environment. We consider that the chance of children in present day Japan developing adult diseases is determined by the above mismatches. Pediatricians and schoolteachers should therefore understand the concept of DOHaD, so that they can educate both children and their families regarding an appropriate diet to reduce the likelihood of developing adult diseases in later life.
  • 6.

    【2hr】One Novel and Two Recurrent THRB Mutations Associated with Resistance to ThyroidHormone: Structure-based Computational Mutation Prediction

    包量

    机译 一本小说和两个复发性THRB突变与甲状腺抵抗相关。激素：基于结构的计算突变预测
    摘要：Inactivating mutations of THRB, which encodes the thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ), cause resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH; OMIM 190160). To date, more than 100 THRB mutations have been reported among RTH patients. Most mutations substitute a single amino-acid residue in the ligand-binding domain. In this report, we describe clinical and molecular findings of three families with RTH. Three families harbored one novel (p.I431M) and two recurrent (p.R320H and p.R383C) THRB mutations. To examine the pathogenicity of identified mutations, we introduced a novel computational mutation prediction method based on three-dimensional structure data of TRβ-T3 complex. First, to define the accuracy of our prediction system, we evaluated ten previously reported ‘positive control’ mutations, as well as 30 seemingly benign sequence variations observed among vertebral species as ‘negative controls’. We found that our system had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 93%. We then analyzed three mutations detected in the present study and found that all three mutations are predicted to be deleterious. Our data suggest that our structure-based prediction system would be a prompt, inexpensive and feasible method for evaluating the pathogenicity of missense THRB mutations.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Initial Treatment of Pediatric Graves’ Disease with Methimazole: A Retrospective Follow-upStudy

    包量

    机译 甲基咪唑对小儿格雷夫斯病的初步治疗：回顾性随访研究
    摘要：Antithyroid drugs are widely used in the therapy of Graves’ disease (GD), and methimazole (MMI) is preferred for treatment of pediatric GD. The recommended initial dosage of MMI is 0.5–1.0 mg/kg/d for pediatric GD, although there are few studies on the optimal MMI dosage for initial treatment in children. We retrospectively compared the efficacy of different doses of MMI in 35 children with GD. Eight children were excluded due to lack of follow-up, etc. The remaining 27 children were divided into a high-dose group (HD; MMI≥0.7 (0.85 ± 0.13) mg/kg/d, n=8) and a low-dose group (LD; MMI<0.7 (0.51 ± 0.12) mg/kg/d, n=19), and we compared the time needed for the serum FT4 levels to normalize (≤1.6 ng/dl) between the groups. There were no significant differences between the FT4 levels (HD: 5.5 ± 2.8 ng/dl; LD: 5.0 ± 2.4 ng/dl p=0.59) or thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody levels (HD: 56.2 ± 29.3%; LD: 60.9 ± 27.2% p=0.69) between the groups before treatment. The mean time required to normalize the FT4 levels was 22.5 ± 7.4 d in the HD group and 28.8 ± 16.2 d in the LD group (p=0.30). In addition, no other factor influenced the time to efficacy of MMI. A dose of MMI<0.7 (0.51 ± 0.12) mg/kg/d appears to as effective as a higher dose in normalizing the serum FT4 level in children with mild or moderate GD.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Brain Magnetic Resonance ImagingAbnormalities

    包量

    机译 先天性肾上腺皮质增生和脑磁共振成像异常现象
    摘要：A 15-yr-old male patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was referred to our department with a one year history of gradual worsening of tremors. He was diagnosed with salt-wasting 21-hydroxylase deficiency CAH at 40 d old and was started on hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone and salt. He was found to have hypertension at 8 yr of age. Detailed investigations failed to detect any cause for secondary hypertension. Physical findings on the current hospitalization objectified obesity, blood pressure of 150/80 mmHg, postural and action tremor, left cerebellar syndrome, reflex tetra pyramidal syndrome and mental decline. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral periventricular white matter hyperintensity that was more pronounced in the posterior regions and associated with cortico-subcortical atrophy and complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. All investigations for leukoencephalopathy were negative. A diagnosis of brain MRI abnormalities related to CAH was made, and the patient received symptomatic treatment of tremors. Our case report provides evidence of an increased frequency of brain MRI abnormalities in CAH. The literature suggests hormonal imbalance and exposure to excess exogenous glucocorticoids as main probable mechanisms. Thus, in clinical practice, CAH should be considered as one of the possible causes of brain white matter involvement associated with or without cerebral atrophy.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Wnt Signaling in Bone

    包量

    机译 骨中的Wnt信号
    摘要：Wnt signaling is involved not only in embryonic development but also in maintenance of homeostasis in postnatal tissues. Multiple lines of evidence have increased understanding of the roles of Wnt signaling in bone since mutations in the LRP5 gene were identified in human bone diseases. Canonical Wnt signaling promotes mesenchymal progenitor cells to differentiate into osteoblasts. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway possibly through Lrp6, a co-receptor for Wnts as well as Lrp5, in osteoblasts regulates bone resorption by increasing the OPG/RANKL ratio. However, endogenous inhibitors of Wnt signaling including sclerostin block bone formation. Regulation of sclerostin appears to be one of the mechanisms of PTH anabolic actions on bone. Since sclerostin is almost exclusively expressed in osteocytes, inhibition of sclerostin is the most promising design. Surprisingly, Lrp5 controls bone formation by inhibiting serotonin synthesis in the duodenum, but not by directly promoting bone formation. Pharmacological intervention may be considered in many components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, although adverse effects and tumorigenicity to other tissues are important. More studies will be needed to fully understand how the Wnt signaling pathway actually influences bone metabolism and to assure the safety of new interventions.
  • 10.

    【2hr】A Case Report of Dysosteosclerosis Observed from the PrenatalPeriod

    包量

    机译 产前观察到的骨质疏松症一例报告期
    摘要：Dysosteosclerosis is a sclerosing bone dysplasia with skeletal changes resembling those of osteopetrosis. The disorder is associated with dental anomalies and occasionally mental retardation. Because of the rarity and phenotypic diversity of dysosteosclerosis, it remains unsolved whether or not the disorder is heterogeneous. We report here on an affected boy associated with brain calcification and epilepsy with developmental delay. Prenatal ultrasound revealed ventriculomegaly, and brain CT in the neonatal period showed periventricular calcifications. At 13 mo of age, he presented with generalized convulsion with developmental delay. Metaphyseal sclerosis, metaphyseal undermodeling, and oval-shaped vertebral bodies on skeletal survey warranted a diagnosis of dysosteosclerosis. Retrospective review of radiographs as a neonate showed metaphyseal radiolucency, but not metaphyseal sclerosis. Since then, neither the bone changes nor neurological symptom has progressively worsened up to 4 yr of age. Thus, it is thought that the clinical and radiological manifestations of the sclerotic disorder become obvious during infancy. Brain calcification of prenatal onset may be an essential syndromic constituent of the disorder.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Adult Heights of 258 Girls with Turner Syndrome on Low Dose of Growth HormoneTherapy in Japan

    包量

    机译 低剂量生长激素下258例特纳综合症女孩的成人身高日本的疗法
    摘要：Growth hormone (GH) therapy was approved in 1999 for only GH-deficient Turner syndrome (TS) in Japan. It was subsequently approved for all cases of TS regardless of GH secretory status since 1999. The dose of GH is 1.0 u (0.35 mg)/kg/wk at present, but it was 0.5 u (0.175 mg)/kg/wk before 1999. The adult height in patients with TS on the dose of 0.5 u/kg/wk was studied from the report on of Foundation for Growth Science in 2000. GH therapy was registered for 920 cases, and 258 cases reached adult height. The mean adult height was 145.7 cm. The adult height in patients with TS without GH therapy was reported to be 138 cm in Japan. Thus, the height gain by GH treatment was 7.7 cm. The mean age at the start of GH therapy was 12.0 yr old. The mean duration of GH therapy was 5.6 yr. The mean age at the start of estrogen therapy was 17.0 yr old. Patients in Japan were older at the start of GH and estrogen therapy than in the US and Europe at that time. The adult height and gain of height SD were not correlated with age at the start GH therapy in this study. This may be the result of the older age at the start of GH therapy and the low dose of the GH therapy. Patients are beginning to start GH therapy at a much earlier age and the dose has been doubled in Japan. We expect that the recent data concerning adult height in the patients with TS after GH therapy will improve better than this report.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Proposal of New Auxological Standards for Japanese Girls with TurnerSyndrome

    包量

    机译 日本特纳女孩的新血液学标准提案综合症
    摘要：We recently published new reference growth charts for Japanese girls with Turner syndrome (TS) based on the cross-sectional data of 1,447 subjects beyond the secular trend of growth in Japan. This study was undertaken for their validation and, if necessary, modification before general application. For validation, 24 subjects who had data both at younger (≤5 yr) and older ages (≥13 yr) were used. We analyzed the concordance/discordance of their height standard deviation score (SDS) defined by the charts between the two age periods. For modification, the LMS method was used with 5,772 longitudinal measurements obtained both from the previously analyzed subjects and 118 newly recruited subjects who had been followed up at the National Center for Child Health and Development or Toranomon Hospital. Significant and critical discordance (mean difference, 1.95 SDS; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.53–2.36; p<0.0001) was detected in height SDS. This prompted us to perform the modifications. A similar analysis using the modified charts revealed no significant discordance (mean difference, 0.27 SDS; 95%CI: –0.17 – 0.71; p=0.22). They seem more adequate for clinical applications for girls with TS born after 1970. New auxological standards for Japanese girls with TS were proposed.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Contiguous Xp11.4 Gene Deletion Leading to Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency Detected by High-density Single-nucleotide Array

    包量

    机译 通过高密度单核苷酸阵列检测到导致鸟氨酸转氨甲酰酶缺乏的连续Xp11.4基因缺失。
    摘要：Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) is one of the enzymes involved in the urea cycle. OTC deficiency, which is caused by impaired synthesis of OTC in the liver, is the most common inherited disease of urea cycle disorders. In this paper, we describe the case of an OTC-deficient Japanese boy wherein an analysis based on high-density single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed the absence of the entire OTC locus and nearby genes. We identified a deletion on Xp11.4; the size of the deletion fragment was approximately 1 Mb. The deleted region included genes encoding transmembrane 4 superfamily member 2 (TSPAN7), MID1 interacting protein 1 (MID1IP1) and part of the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) in addition to OTC. The results of a high-density SNP assay and PCR confirmed that the mother of the patient was a carrier of the mutation. Previously, determination of breakpoints for large unknown deletions was timeconsuming and laborintensive. However, the use of the widely available DNA chip technology allows for rapid determination of deletion breakpoints; therefore, it will become a standard technique in study of patients with a large genomic deletion of contiguous genes for provision of comprehensive genetic counseling and initiation of clinical management.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Two Cases of Precocious Puberty Associated with Hypothalamic Hamartoma

    包量

    机译 下丘脑血肿相关性早熟两例
    摘要：Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a congenital malformation diagnosed based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological findings; it is often associated with central precocious puberty (CPP), gelastic seizures, abnormal behavior and mental retardation. In the present paper, we report our retrospective hypothesis that there is a relationship between symptoms and therapy, as well as the treatment for HH, and describe two cases of HH associated with CPP. Both cases had sessile masses located in the interpeduncular cistern, with extension to the hypothalamus on MRI (1.2 × 1.5 cm and 2.0 × 2.5 cm, respectively). The first case had intractable seizures, while the second had no seizures with paroxysmal discharge. In both patients, the hamartomas were partially removed, by γ-knife and surgical operation in the first case and surgically in the second, and a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue was prescribed. One case showed improvement of both intelligence quotient (IQ) score and seizures, and the other showed improvements in IQ and abnormal behavior. It was difficult to determine any topology/symptom relationships. Surgery and GnRH analogue treatment can alleviate seizures, abnormal behavior and mental retardation associated with HH.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Prolonged Intracranial Hypertension after Recombinant Growth Hormone Therapy due to Impaired CSFAbsorption

    包量

    机译 脑脊液受损后重组生长激素治疗后颅内高压持续吸收性
    摘要：We experienced a case of a Japanese boy who developed intractable idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) during growth hormone (GH) treatment. At the age of 4 yr, the boy was diagnosed with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency, and recombinant human GH replacement was initiated. Nine months after initiation of the GH therapy, he began to complain of headache, but papilledema was not observed. His headache persisted thereafter, and right esotropia occurred 10 mo after the initiation of GH therapy, at which time papilledema was detected. No other neurological abnormalities were detected, and the findings of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were normal. In a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, the pressure was markedly elevated to 450 mmH2O, but no other abnormality was recognized. Impaired CSF absorption was detected using the pressure-volume index technique. The CSF levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor I were not increased. GH therapy was withdrawn after it was suggested that the IIH was associated with the GH therapy, but the headache persisted. The intracranial hypertension did not respond to diuretics, and prednisolone was only transiently effective. Although the funduscopic findings were normalized, increased CSF pressure was still observed. For over 2 yr, repeated lumbar puncture was necessary to protect against visual defect. IIH is an uncommon adverse event during GH therapy, but it must be considered carefully.
  • 16.

    【2hr】A Novel Mutation of the Glucokinase Gene in Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young Type 2 (MODY2)

    包量

    机译 年轻的2型（MODY2）成熟型糖尿病患者中葡萄糖激酶基因的新型突变。
    摘要：
  • 17.

    【2hr】Association between Sex, Age, Insulin Regimens and Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescentswith Type 1 Diabetes

    包量

    机译 儿童和青少年的性别，年龄，胰岛素治疗方案与血糖控制之间的关联1型糖尿病
    摘要：We examined the association between sex, age, insulin regimens and glycemic control in 133 Japanese children and adolescents, 42 males and 61 females aged 16.8 ± 7.0 yr, with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The patients were divided into 5 age groups and were also classified according to the insulin regimen. The annual median HbA1c level in males (7.3 ± 0.2%) was similar to that in females (7.2 ± 0.2%). In regard to the age of the patients, the median HbA1c levels in patients aged 15–19 yr (7.9 ± 0.4%) was significantly higher than those aged 5–9 yr (7.2 ± 0.1%) and those aged 20≤ yr (6.6 ± 0.4%, p<0.05, respectively). On the other hand, there were no significant relationships between the HbA1c values and the insulin regimens. In conclusion, difficulty in management of diabetes due to emotional issues and endocrinological factors during adolescence may play a possible role in the deterioration of diabetes control. On the other hand, the insulin regimen does not seem to have a major impact on the metabolic outcome in young people with T1DM.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Clinical Characteristics of Perinatal Lethal Hypophosphatasia: A Report of 6 Cases

    包量

    机译 围产期致死性低磷血症的临床特征：附6例报告
    摘要：Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited disorder caused by deficient tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity. It is classified into 6 subtypes, and the perinatal lethal form of hypophosphatasia is the most severe. Patients with this form suffer from various symptoms, including respiratory failure, premature craniosynostosis, rachitic changes in the metaphyses, convulsions and hypercalcemia. This report presents 6 cases of the perinatal lethal form of hypophosphatasia. All of the patients showed shortening of the long bones in utero in ultrasonographic examinations. Two of the six patients died at birth because they could not establish spontaneous breathing. Three of the remaining four patients also died before 1 yr of age. The major cause of death was respiratory failure due to hypoplastic lung. All of the patients, except for the two who died at birth, experienced convulsions in their clinical courses. Vitamin B6 therapy effectively reduced the frequency and severity of convulsions. However, it could not always make the patients convulsion free. Three patients underwent a genetic analysis. The 1559delT mutation, which abolishes Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity, was a hot spot. A homozygous 1559delT mutation was observed in two patients. However, they differed in severity of symptoms. Although a good genotype-phenotype correlation has been reported in hypophosphatasia, the genotype alone does not always predict the life span of the patients. These cases therefore suggested the importance of genetic counseling.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Recurrent Anion Gap Acidosis: An Unusual Presentation of X-LinkedAdrenoleukodystrophy in a Five-year-old Male

    包量

    机译 复发性阴离子间隙酸中毒：X链的异常表现一名五岁男性的肾上腺白质营养不良
    摘要：We are presenting a five-year-old male with recurrent anion gap acidosis. During his last admission, it was detected that he had elevated VLCFA and the evaluation discovered that he had X-linked Adrenooleukodystrophy. He had the Addisonian only phenotype without any clinical or radiographic CNS findings. We were unable to find any other reports of this presentation of ALD. If the work-up of recurrent anion gap acidosis does not uncover an etiology, X-linked ALD should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Leydig Cell Testicular Tumour Presenting as Isosexual Precocious Pseudopuberty in a 5 Year-old Boy with No Palpable Testicular Mass

    包量

    机译 Leydig细胞睾丸肿瘤表现为一个5岁男孩没有可触及的睾丸肿块的等性性早熟性青春期
    摘要：Leydig cell testicular tumors are very rare in children and cause isosexual precocious puberty. Palpable testicular mass or asymmetric testes are common findings on routine examination. We report on a 5-yr-old boy with a Leydig cell tumor of the testis presented with isosexual precocious puberty but no scrotal palpable mass. To our knowledge, this is the first reported Leydig cell tumor in a boy without palpable scrotal mass.
题名 作者 来源 发表时间

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号