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  • 刊频： Quarterly
  • NLM标题： Chronic Dis Transl Med
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共206条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】Recent advances in colorectal cancer screening

    包量

    机译 大肠癌筛查的最新进展
    • 作者：Dan Li
    • 刊名：Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine
    • 2018年第3期
    摘要：
  • 2.

    【2hr】Systemic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma

    包量

    机译 肝细胞癌的全身治疗
    摘要：Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with high mortality worldwide. Treatment options for patients with advanced stage HCC remain a great challenge. However, novel agents especially small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor and innovative immunotherapy demonstrate new promising therapeutic options for these patients. This review article summarizes systemic treatment options evaluated in HCC focusing on the most recently published data and ongoing studies.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as biomarkers for gastric cancer: A review

    包量

    机译 肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）作为胃癌的生物标志物
    摘要：Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with an incidence of a million new cases annually. In addition to having a high mortality rate due to often delayed detection and its poor response to cancer therapy, it also spreads aggressively. Inflammation has been shown to play a role in carcinogenesis. Consequently, macrophages are important in phagocytosis, antigen presenting and producing cytokines and growth factors. As a response to microenvironmental signals, they may polarize into tumor resisting M1 or tumor promoting M2 macrophages. Recently, studies have indicated that M2-type macrophage resembling tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) might be used as an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. This review will discuss the possible use of TAMs as prognostic tools for gastric cancer and whether they are suitable for use in clinical environment.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Progress in targeted therapy for breast cancer

    包量

    机译 乳腺癌靶向治疗的进展
    摘要：Breast cancer is a multistep, multifactorial, and heterogeneous disease. Significant transformations have occurred in the systemic management of breast cancer in the past decade. Due to the further understanding of pathogenesis, scientists have found plenty of signaling pathways and correspondingly therapeutic targets in breast cancer, such as hormone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6), poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and programmed death-1 (PD-1). Targeted therapy, which optimizes the accuracy of antitumor activity and minimizes toxicity to normal tissues, plays a crucial role in breast cancer treatment in the era of precision medicine. In this review, we aimed to summarize the latest developments in targeted therapy for breast cancer and discuss the existing problems.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Fine particulate matter (PM2.5): The culprit for chronic lung diseases in China

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    机译 细颗粒物（PM2.5）：中国慢性肺病的元凶
    摘要：Air pollution is a world public health problem. Particulate matter (PM), a mix of solid and liquid particles in the air, becomes an increasing concern in the social and economic development of China. For decades, epidemiological studies have confirmed the association between fine particle pollutants and respiratory diseases. It has been reported in different populations that increased Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations cause elevated susceptibility to respiratory diseases, including acute respiratory distress, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. This review will discuss the pathophysiology of PM2.5 in respiratory diseases, which are helpful for the prevention of air pollution and treatment of respiratory tract inflammatory diseases.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated glomerulonephritis: From bench to bedside

    包量

    机译 抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性肾小球肾炎：从长凳到床边
    摘要：Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of autoimmune disorders that predominantly affects small vessels. The onset of the disease is closely associated with ANCA. Renal involvement, also known as ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis (AGN), is one of the most common manifestations of AAV. In this mini-review, we described the clinical and pathological features of AGN. We then focused on recent studies on the mechanism of acute kidney lesions, including fibrinoid necrosis and crescent formation. Following the basic aspects of kidney injury in AGN, we demonstrated the clinical importance of kidney injury in determining the outcome of patients with AGN. The prognostic value of the 2010 Histopathological Classification of AGN and validating studies were summarized. Finally, treatment and novel therapeutic strategies were introduced addressing the importance of optimizing management of this patient population.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Usefulness of upright T wave in lead aVR for predicting short-term prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke

    包量

    机译 aVR铅中直立T波对预测缺血性卒中患者短期预后的作用
    摘要：BackgroundUpright T wave in lead aVR (TaVR) has recently been reported to be associated with cardiovascular death and mortality in general population and in patients with prior cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the evidence for the predictive ability of TaVR in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) is lacking.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Management of gastrointestinal adverse events induced by immune-checkpoint inhibitors

    包量

    机译 免疫检查点抑制剂引起的胃肠道不良事件的处理
    摘要：
  • 9.

    【2hr】Customization of therapy for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma patients

    包量

    机译 胃食管腺癌患者的治疗定制
    摘要：Gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEACs) remain a global health problem. These are most often diagnosed at advanced stage and the estimated 5-year relative survival rate is about 5%. Although cure is not possible for patients with advanced GEAC, systemic therapy (chemotherapy or biochemotherapy) can palliate symptoms, improve survival and provide a better quality of life. One of the most promising options for some patients with advanced stage GEAC is immunotherapy, which can result in durable responses. Numerous phase III trials evaluating targeted therapies in different lines are ongoing and it is hoped that better biomarkers will emerge to identify patients who can benefit from targeted agents and immunotherapy in the future. Surgery remains as the corner stone for localized GEAC and adjunctive therapies can increase the survival rates by about 10%. The high toxicity and low completion rates of adjuvant therapy led to the strategies of preoperative treatment. With the results of ongoing pre-operative therapy trials we will be able to determine the optimal adjunctive approach for resectable GEAC.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Quantitative image analysis for evaluation of tumor response in clinical oncology

    包量

    机译 定量图像分析用于评估临床肿瘤学中的肿瘤反应
    摘要：The objective, accurate, and standardized evaluation of tumor response to treatment is an indispensable procedure in clinical oncology. Compared to manual measurement, computer-assisted linear measurement can significantly improve the accuracy and reproducibility of tumor burden quantification. For irregular-shaped and infiltrating or diffuse tumors, which are difficult to quantify by linear measurement, computer-assisted volumetric measurement may provide a more objective and sensitive quantification to evaluate tumor response to treatment than linear measurement does. In the evaluation of tumor response to novel oncologic treatments such as targeted therapy, changes in overall tumor size do not necessarily reflect tumor response to therapy due to the presence of internal necrosis or hemorrhages. This leads to a new generation of imaging biomarkers to evaluate tumor response by using texture analysis methods, also called radiomics. Computer-assisted texture analysis technology offers a more comprehensive and in-depth imaging biomarker to evaluate tumor response. The application of computer-assisted quantitative imaging analysis techniques not only reduces the inaccuracy and improves the reliability in tumor burden quantification, but facilitates the development of more comprehensive and intelligent approaches to evaluate treatment response, and hence promotes precision imaging in the evaluation of tumor response in clinical oncology. This article summarizes the state-of-the-art technical developments and clinical applications of quantitative imaging analysis in evaluation of tumor response in clinical oncology.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Critically dysregulated signaling pathways and clinical utility of the pathway biomarkers in lymphoid malignancies

    包量

    机译 淋巴恶性肿瘤中严重失调的信号通路和通路生物标志物的临床实用性
    摘要：Accumulating evidence confirmed that many dysregulated signaling pathways and aberrant genetic alterations contribute to the oncogenesis and heterogeneity of lymphoid malignancies. Therapeutically targeting dysregulating signaling pathways and their hidden oncogenic biomarkers are becoming available, but did not show desired therapeutic effect in current clinical practice. It is meaningful to further understand the underlying mechanisms of the dysregulated signaling pathways and to address the potential utility of pathway-related biomarkers. To precisely identify the dysregulation of signaling pathways and the “driver” oncogenic biomarkers, as well as to develop reliable and reproducible risk-stratification based on biomarkers will be challenging. Nevertheless, pathway-based targeted therapy will raise the hope to improve the outcomes of the patients with lymphoid malignancies, especially with aggressive types, and the efficient utility of pathway-related biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of lymphoid malignancies may also be able to power precision medicine.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Very low-protein diet to postpone renal failure: Pathophysiology and clinical applications in chronic kidney disease

    包量

    机译 低蛋白饮食可延缓肾功能衰竭：慢性肾脏病的病理生理学和临床应用
    摘要：The uremic syndrome is a metabolic disorder characterized by the impairment of renal handling of several solutes, the resulting accumulation of toxic products and the activation of some adaptive but detrimental mechanisms which all together contribute to the progression of renal damage. In moderate to advanced renal failure, the dietary manipulation of nutrients improves metabolic abnormalities and may contribute to delay the time of dialysis initiation. This commentary focuses on the physiopathological rationale and the clinical application of the very low-protein diet supplemented with ketoanalogs for the management of chronic kidney disease.
  • 13.

    【2hr】The quality of total mesorectal excision specimen: A review of its macroscopic assessment and prognostic significance

    包量

    机译 全直肠系膜切除标本的质量：宏观评估及其预后意义的回顾
    摘要：As a surgical procedure which could significantly lower the recurrence rate of cancers, total mesorectal excision (TME) has been the gold standard for middle and lower rectal cancer treatment. However, previous studies have shown that the procedure did not achieve the ideal theoretical local recurrence rates of rectal cancers. Some researchers pointed out it was very likely that not all so-called TME treatments completely removed the mesorectum, implying that some of these TME surgical treatments failed to meet oncological quality standards. Therefore, a suitable assessment tool for the surgical quality of TME is necessary. The notion of “macroscopic assessment of mesorectal excision (MAME)” was put forward by some researchers as a better assessment tool for the surgical quality of TME and has been confirmed by a series of studies. Besides providing rapid and accurate surgical quality feedbacks for surgeons, MAME also effectively assesses the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer. However, as a new assessment tool used for TME surgical quality, MAME has an only limited influence on the current guidelines and is yet to be widely applied in most countries. The aims of this review are to provide a detailed introduction to MAME for clinical practice and to summarize the current prognostic significance of MAME.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Functional promoter rs189037 variant of ATM is associated with decrease in lung diffusing capacity after irradiation for non–small-cell lung cancer

    包量

    机译 非小细胞肺癌放疗后ATM功能启动子rs189037变异与肺弥散能力降低有关
    摘要：ObjectiveSingle-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ataxia telangiectasia–mutated gene ATM have been linked with pneumonitis after radiotherapy for lung cancer but have not been evaluated in terms of pulmonary function impairment. Here we investigated potential associations between SNPs in ATM and changes in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after radiotherapy.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Air pollutants and early origins of respiratory diseases

    包量

    机译 空气污染物和呼吸系统疾病的早期起源
    摘要：Air pollution is a global health threat and causes millions of human deaths annually. The late onset of respiratory diseases in children and adults due to prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants is emerging as a critical concern in human health. Pregnancy and fetal development stages are highly susceptible to environmental exposure and tend to develop a long-term impact in later life. In this review, we briefly glance at the direct impact of outdoor and indoor air pollutants on lung diseases and pregnancy disorders. We further focus on lung complications in later life with early exposure to air pollutants. Epidemiological evidence is provided to show the association of prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants with various adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, lower birth weight, and lung developmental defects, which further associate with respiratory diseases and reduced lung function in children and adults. Mechanistic evidence is also discussed to support that air pollutants impact various cellular and molecular targets at early life, which link to the pathogenesis and altered immune responses related to abnormal respiratory functions and lung diseases in later life.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Effects of particulate matter on allergic respiratory diseases

    包量

    机译 颗粒物对过敏性呼吸系统疾病的影响
    摘要：The health impact of airborne particulate matter (PM) has long been a concern to clinicians, biologists, and the general public. With many epidemiological studies confirming the association of PM with allergic respiratory diseases, an increasing number of follow-up empirical studies are being conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of PM on asthma and allergic rhinitis. In this review, we have briefly introduced the characteristics of PM and discussed its effects on public health. Subsequently, we have focused on recent studies to elucidate the association between PM and the allergic symptoms of human respiratory diseases. Specifically, we have discussed the mechanism of action of PM in allergic respiratory diseases according to different subtypes: coarse PM (PM2.5-10), fine PM (PM2.5), and ultrafine PM.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Chronic lung disease lung regeneration and future therapeutic strategies

    包量

    机译 慢性肺疾病肺再生和未来治疗策略
    摘要：Chronic lung diseases have been recognized as one of the world's leading causes of death in recent decades. Lacking effective treatments brings the patients not only bad quality of life but also higher risk for lung cancer development. By increasing the understanding of deeper mechanism of how lung develops and regenerates, researchers now focus on studying lung regenerative medicine, aiming to apply different and more efficient therapies to treat chronic lung diseases. This review will provide a wide picture of both basic lung developmental, regeneration mechanism and different designed strategies for treating chronic lung diseases in the future decades.
  • 18.

    【2hr】DNA repair capacity correlates with standardized uptake values from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer

    包量

    机译 DNA修复能力与晚期非小细胞肺癌患者18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描/ CT的标准化摄取值相关
    摘要：ObjectiveThe DNA repair capacity (DRC) of tumor cells is an important contributor to resistance to radiation and platinum-based drugs. Because DRC may be affected by tumor cell metabolism, we measured DRC in lymphocytes from patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and compared the findings with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) after (chemo)radiation therapy.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Novel findings in relation to multiple anti-atherosclerotic effects of XueZhiKang in humans

    包量

    机译 有关血脂康对人类多种抗动脉粥样硬化作用的新发现
    摘要：BackgroundPrevious studies have clearly demonstrated that XueZhiKang (XZK), an extract of cholestin, can decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular events. However, the mechanism of the effects of XZK on atherosclerosis (AS) in humans has been reported less frequently. In the present study, we investigated the impact of XZK on lipoprotein subfractions, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
  • 20.

    【2hr】In-hospital direct costs for thromboembolism and bleeding in Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation

    包量

    机译 中国房颤患者血栓栓塞和出血的院内直接费用
    摘要：ObjectiveLimited data are available on the direct costs of hospitalization owing to thromboembolism and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in China. Such data are essential for policy development, service planning, and cost-effectiveness analysis of new therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to provide detailed data regarding in-hospital direct costs for these patients, compare the costs at different scenarios, and identify independent factors that may predict the costs.
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