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  • 机译 重组人白介素22二聚体F-652在健康受试者中的安全性,药代动力学和生物标志物
    摘要:Summary of demographic characteristics
  • 机译 骨桥蛋白对乙酰氨基酚诱导的肝毒性的代谢调节
    摘要:OPN induction and its cell source in response to APAP overdose. Fasted WT mice were subjected to a single dose of APAP. Dynamic serum ( ) and hepatic ( ) OPN level changes in WT mice after APAP challenge (  = 4–11); ( ) immunohistochemistry of OPN in the liver with APAP challenge; representative images are shown (origin magnification ×100,  = 3). is shown as the negative control. Twelve hour-HPF represents the magnified area at 12 h (origin magnification ×400); ( ) OPN levels were measured by ELISA in the culture supernatant of primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells treated either with or without APAP (  = 3); ( ) double fluorescent staining of HNF4α and OPN in a liver section 12 h after APAP challenge (origin magnification ×400,  = 3). Data are shown as the means ± SEM, *
  • 机译 巨噬细胞和糖尿病肾脏疾病的凋亡抑制剂
    摘要:Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
  • 机译 评论“使用一对一珠一复合肽库筛选和鉴定主要虾过敏原原肌球蛋白的模拟表位”
    • 作者:Árpád Furka
    • 刊名:Cellular and Molecular Immunology
    • 2019年第5期
    摘要:Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
  • 机译 靶向实体瘤中的自然杀伤细胞
    摘要:Phenotype of human ILC1s
  • 机译 先天性淋巴样细胞记忆
    摘要:Generation and maintenance of memory ILCs. ILCs, including NK cells, ILC1s, and ILC2s, are reported to exhibit adaptive features. Ly49H NK cells directly recognize the MCMV-m157 protein and are completely activated with the help of costimulatory and proinflammatory cytokine signals. The transcription factors Zbtb32, STAT4, Runx1/3, and CBF-β are critical for Ly49H NK cell expansion. Ly49H NK cells subsequently undergo a contraction phase. A small population of these cells survive against apoptosis in an autophagy-dependent manner and switch to a memory state via an epigenetic program. IL-15 is required for memory Ly49H NK-cell longevity. Cytokines can induce non-specific memory potential in NK cells. Activation signals from combinations of cytokines induce the generation of long-lasting epigenetic imprinting of the locus. Both CD49a liver-resident NK cells and CD49b cNK cells have been reported to be responsible for hapten-induced immunological memory. CD49b cNK cells express Ly49C/I, which may interact with Ly49C/I-sensitive self-peptide–hapten complexes. CD49a liver-resident NK cells contain an IL-7Rα subset that conforms to the definition of ILC1s. IL-7Rα ILC1s, reported to highly express CXCR6 and CXCR3, acquire memory in draining LNs and maintain long-term survival in the liver. Notably, whether CD49a liver-resident NK cells respond locally to haptens and viruses (influenza virus, VSV, and HIV) has not been determined. Lung ST2 ILC2s acquire memory upon IL-33 stimulation. Memory ILC2s exhibit a greater production of IL-5 and IL-13 in recall responses. cNK cells, conventional NK cells; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus type 1; ILCs, innate lymphoid cells; LN, lymph node; MCMV, mouse cytomegalovirus; NK cells, natural killer cells; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus
  • 机译 人NK细胞:表面受体,抑制性检查点和翻译应用
    摘要:Human NK cell receptors and their ligands
  • 机译 先天性淋巴样细胞对生理调节剂的感知
    摘要:ILC functions are regulated through extensive integration of dietary-derived metabolites and neuroendocrine signals. Enteric neurons that produce VIP and NMU stimulate ILC2 IL-5 and IL-13 secretion, leading to eosinophil recruitment and mucus production by goblet cells. Norepinephrine secreted by the sympathetic nervous system inhibits ILC2 function. DHT inhibits ILC2 proliferation and cytokine production. Glial cell GFL secretion induces ILC3 IL-22 production. Dietary-derived metabolites influence ILC functions. These include vitamins A and D, AHR ligands, prostaglandins and leukotrienes. While prostaglandins negatively regulate ILC2 functions, these lipid-derived molecules induce ILC3 IL-22 secretion. In contrast, leukotrienes impede ILC2 cytokine release. Vitamins have opposite effects on ILC2s and ILC3s. While RA inhibits ILC2 activity, it promotes ILC3 IL-22 production. Vitamin D is a negative regulator of ILC3 functions. Finally, AHR ligands are potent inducers of ILC3 IL-22 secretion. The green and red arrows indicate positive and negative regulators of ILC functions, respectively. ILC innate lymphoid cell, IL interleukin, VIP vasoactive intestinal peptide, NMU neuromedin U, GFL glial-derived neurotrophic factor family of ligands, RA retinoic acid (vitamin A), VitD3 vitamin D3, PG prostaglandin, LT leukotriene, AHR aryl hydrocarbon receptor, DHT dihydrotestosterone
  • 机译 SLAM-SAP家族对造血细胞的NK细胞识别
    摘要:SAP-family-dependent and -independent SFR signaling in NK cell activation and inhibition. Engagement of SFRs (2B4 is shown as an example) induces tyrosine phosphorylation of cytoplasmic ITSMs, likely by Src family kinases. SH2 domain-containing proteins, SAP family adapters, or other phosphatases then bind to the phosphorylated ITSM of SFR through their SH2 domain. SAP-dependent SFR signaling. Through arginine 78 (R78) in the SH2 domain, SAP binds to the SH3 domain of Fyn. Fyn subsequently promotes full phosphorylation of other ITSMs in SFRs, further enhancing SAP binding with Fyn. Fyn triggers Vav-1 phosphorylation and PLCγ-mediated Ca flux directly or indirectly, leading to augmented NK cell conjugate formation. EAT-2-dependent SFR signaling. EAT-2 coupling enables phosphorylation of the tyrosine in its C-terminal tail by a Src family kinase. EAT-2 associates with PLCγ through a direct interaction between phosphorylated Tyr127 in the C-terminal tail of EAT-2 and the N-terminal SH2 domain of PLCγ, which evokes calcium flux and Erk activation, leading to NK cell granule polarization. SAP-family-independent SFR signaling. In the absence of SAP family adapters, SFRs preferentially bind to other SH2 domain-containing inhibitory molecules, such as SHP-1, SHP-2, and SHIP-1, which strongly suppress CD16- or NKG2D-mediated activating signaling
  • 机译 转录因子YY1对iNKT细胞发育至关重要
    摘要:Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of expression in various thymic subsets (DN (CD4 CD8 ), DP (CD4 CD8 ), CD4 (CD4 CD8 ), and CD8 (CD4 CD8 )) and at various thymic NKT cell developmental stages (S0 (CD1d-tet CD24 ), S1 (CD1d-tet CD24 CD44 NK1.1 ), S2 (CD1d-tet CD24 CD44 NK1.1 ), and S3 (CD1d-tet CD24 CD44 NK1.1 )) in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Frequency of NKT (CD1d-tet TCRβ ) cells in the thymus, spleen, and liver of WT and YY1-TKO mice. Cells were stained for CD4, CD8, TCRβ, and PBS57-loaded CD1d tetramer (CD1d-tet). Values indicate the percent of total mononuclear cells. Data are representative of five pairs of mice. Frequency and numbers of NKT cells in WT and YY1-TKO thymus, spleen, and liver. Each dot represents one mouse analyzed; *  P d Analysis of NKT cells at various developmental stages in the thymus of WT and YY1-TKO mice. Data shown are representative of five pairs of mice. Enumeration of NKT cells as described in ; NS not significant, *  P
  • 机译 CD26缺陷小鼠的异体皮肤移植延迟排斥
    摘要:Skin allograft appearance of CD26 (upper panel) and CD26 mice (lower panel) from day 7 to 15 posttransplantation. Statistical analysis of the necrotic levels of grafts from day 7 to day 15 posttransplantation. Different score levels indicate different necrotic areas of the mice skin allograft. The graft survival rate in CD26 and CD26 mice within 15 days posttransplantation. The values in and represent the mean values ± SD of at least 17 mice at each time point. The data were analyzed with GraphPad 6; -values were calculated with a Chi-square test
  • 机译 胰岛素的CD8 + T细胞表位改变可预防人源化NOD小鼠的1型糖尿病
    摘要:Design and selection of a potential antagonist peptide for mIns1B . The modeled structure of the mIns1B -HLA-A*0201 complex showing that the p5 and p6 positions of mIns1B bulged out of the binding groove, which were more accessible for TCR inspection. T2 cell-based peptide binding assays for HLA-A*0201 were performed by FACS analysis. T2 cells were incubated with or without the indicated peptides (10 μg/ml) and the level of surface HLA-A2 molecules was detected by flow cytometry. The H-2K -binding peptide OVA was used as a negative control. Filled histograms, no peptide; open histograms, plus peptide. The fluorescence index (FI) was calculated as follows: FI = (mean fluorescence intensity with the given peptide―mean fluorescence intensity without peptide)/(mean fluorescence intensity without peptide). Bars represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. , The proliferation of splenocytes stimulated with mIns1B (10 μg/ml) plus itself (10 μg/ml) or the indicated APLs (10 μg/ml) ( ) and H6F at four different concentrations ( ) was measured by [ H] thymidine incorporation. Bars represent the mean ± SEM of seven independent experiments. Significance was determined by an unpaired -test
  • 机译 肿瘤内单核细胞/巨噬细胞和树突状细胞表达PD-L1的脾脏边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤发炎表型
    摘要:and : example of CD20, CD3, CD4 and CD8 immunohistochemical labeling of spleen sections from two SMZL patients, one with an inflamed phenotype ( ) and one with an immune-excluded ( ) phenotype. Clustering of genes from the immune escape gene signature published by Laurent et al. for SMZLs, CLLs and FCLs. Detailed legends are in Supplementary Figure  . PD-L1 mRNA expression levels shown according to diagnosis (SMZL, CLL and FCL). RT-QPCR was performed using the TaqMan expression assay Hs00204257_m1 from Applied Biosystems. Normalization was performed on HPRT1 expression (Hs02800695_m1) and on a pool of four normal lymph nodes. Normal lymph node expression, which was arbitrarily set equal to 1, is represented by the dashed horizontal line. The mean and standard deviation are shown for each lymphoma type. PD-L1 expression was significantly increased in the SMZLs compared to the CLLs and FCLs, as shown by *     . Left panel: histogram representation of the PD-L1 expression in inflamed or uninflamed SMZL tumors. Right panel: example of immunohistochemical PDL-1 labeling compared to CD20 staining of the same sample. Overall survival of SMZL patients according to PD-L1 expression. Example of immunohistochemical double staining for PDL-L1 (in brown) and either Pax5, CD3, myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme, CD163 or S-100 protein. MPO, Lysozyme, CD163 and S-100 protein labeling is shown in purple. Selected microphotographs display the border of a nodule with CD163, lysozyme and S-100 protein labeling to show double-positive cells in the nodule and single-positive cells outside the nodule. Magnified images for PD-L1-negative (yellow square) or PD-L1 double-positive cells (black square) are shown as insets. In this study, 64 SMZL, 5 FCL, and 6 CLL patients were enrolled according to institutional regulations and after approval by the Scientific and Methodological board of the university hospital of Limoges. A tissue microarray (TMA) was performed with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples from 54 patients. Tissue cores with a 1 mm diameter were arrayed on a recipient paraffin block using a tissue arrayer (Beecher Instruments Tissue Arrayeur, New Jersey, USA). Each tumor sample was punched in triplicate. TMA blocks were sliced at 4 mm. Antibodies against CD20 (clone L26), CD3 (clone 2GV6), Pax5 (clone SP34) and myeloperoxidase (polyclonal immune serum) were purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Meylan, France); those against CD8 (clone C8/144B) and protein S-100 (polyclonal immune serum) were obtained from Dako (Glostrup, Denmark); and those against CD4 (clone 4B12) and CD163 (clone 10D16) were purchased from Novocastra (Leica Biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany). Immunohistochemistry was carried out on a Benchmark®ULTRA (ROCHE -VENTANA) with an UltraView Universal DAB (760–500) detection kit, and the sections were counterstained with hematein eosin. For PD-L1, immunohistochemistry was carried out on Benchmark®ULTRA (ROCHE -VENTANA) with an OptiView DAB IHC (760–700) detection kit for PD-L1 for simple staining (clone SP263; Roche Diagnostics), with a double-staining oDAB-uRed kit (Roche Diagnostics) for double labeling of PD-L1 with CD163, CD3 or Pax5 and with a RUO Discovery Universal DAB-purple kit (Roche Diagnostics) for double labeling of PD-L1 with MPO, lysozyme or protein S-100. The microarray slides were scanned with a Hamamatsu Photonics K. K slide scanner (Hamamatsu Photonics K. K, Hamamatsu City, Japan). Images were visualized with NDP software from Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Staining for T-cells was scored semiquantitatively as “present (2 + ),” “rare (1 + ),” or “absent (0)”, as previously described. For PD-L1, cases were positive when more than 5% of the intratumoral cells were positive
  • 机译 PD-L1的下丘脑表达:是否介导下丘脑炎?
    摘要:PD-L1 expression in the hypothalamus. Both panel ( ) and panel ( ) represent the staining observed using a monoclonal antibody against PD-L1. Panel ( ) represents a staining control using an irrelevant monoclonal antibody. One representative experiment out of five experiments is shown
  • 机译 颅脑外伤中脑炎症的传播
    摘要:Comparison of the features of focal and disseminated brain inflammation
  • 机译 先天性,类先天性和适应性淋巴细胞在MS和EAE发病中的作用
    摘要:Subsets of innate, innate-like, and adaptive lymphocytes. The main subsets of innate, innate-like, and adaptive lymphocytes, and their key properties. Abbreviations: BCR B-cell receptor, ILC innate lymphoid cell, LTi lymphoid tissue inducer, MAIT mucosal-associated invariant T, MZB marginal zone B, NK natural killer, NKT natural killer T, TCR T-cell receptor, VDJ variable diversity joining
  • 机译 神经炎症对修复受伤的中枢神经系统的好处
    摘要:Immune ablation inhibits remyelination, while an appropriate increase in the immune response and select medications promote myelin formation. The left panel shows OPCs in culture, while the right panel is a single oligodendrocyte (arrow points to the cell body) and its myelin sheaths in vivo (images captured in the Yong laboratory). Please refer to the text for the references
  • 机译 滋养细胞来源的CXCL16诱导M2巨噬细胞极化,进而使母胎界面的NK细胞失活
    摘要:Decidual macrophages (dMΦ) are distinct from the conventional macrophages present in other tissues and express M2 macrophage markers, but the molecular mechanisms of formation and the roles of M2 MΦ during pregnancy have not been completely elucidated. The crosstalk between decidual natural killer cells (dNK) and dMΦ plays an important role in the maintenance of maternal–fetal immune tolerance. Here, CXCL16 derived from first-trimester trophoblast cells induces the polarization of human M2 macrophages. The M2 MΦ polarized by CXCL16 exhibit decreased interleukin-15 production, which facilitates the inactivation of NK cells. The cytotoxicity of NK cells is attenuated by the CXCL16-polarized M2 MΦ. The data shown in the present study provide evidence to support the hypothesis that CXCL16 secreted by trophoblast cells is a key molecule involved in decidual M2 MΦ polarization, which in turn regulates the killing ability of NK cells, thereby contributing to the homeostatic and immune-tolerant milieu required for successful fetal development.
  • 机译 人类PBMC转移的鼠类MHC I / II缺陷型NOG小鼠可长期评估人类免疫应答
    摘要:Immunodeficient mice engrafted with human peripheral blood cells are promising tools for in vivo analysis of human patient individual immune responses. However, when human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are transferred into NOG (NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2rg null) mice, severe graft versus host disease (GVHD) hinders long term detailed analysis. Administration of human PBMCs into newly developed murine MHC class I- and class II-deficient NOG (NOG-dKO; NOG- Iab, B2m-double-knockout) mice showed sufficient engraftment of human immune cells with little sign of GVHD. Immunization with influenza vaccine resulted in an increase in influenza-specific human IgG Ab, indicating induction of antigen-specific B cells in the NOG-dKO mice. Immunization with human dendritic cells pulsed with HLA-A2 restricted cytomegalovirus peptide induced specific cytotoxic T cells, indicating the induction of antigen-specific T cells in the NOG-dKO mice. Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) using melanoma antigen recognized by T cells (MART-1)-specific TCR-transduced activated T cells showed strong tumor growth inhibition in NOG-dKO mice without any sign of GVHD accompanied by preferential expansion of the transferred MART-1-specific T cells. ACTs using cultured human melanoma infiltrating T cells also showed anti-tumor effects against autologous melanoma cells in NOG-dKO mice, in which changes in human cancer phenotypes by immune intervention, such as increased CD271 expression, could be evaluated. Therefore, NOG-dKO mice are useful tools for more detailed analysis of both the induction and effector phases of T-cell and B-cell responses for a longer period than regular NOG mice.

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