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  • 机译 通过两种不同机制促进IL-1β和HMGB1释放Gefitinib引发无菌炎症
    摘要:A, B ELISA analysis of cytokines in culture supernatants of BMDMs. LPS-primed or unprimed BMDMs were treated with the indicated concentrations of gefitinib for 8 h. IL-1β (A) or TNF-α (B) release were analyzed by ELISA. C ELISA analysis of cytokines in culture supernatants of THP-1 cells. PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of gefitinib for 8 h. IL-1β release was analyzed by ELISA. D, E Immunoblot analysis of IL-1β in culture supernatants of BMDMs. LPS-primed BMDMs were treated with the indicated concentrations of gefitinib for 8 h (D), or treated with 20 μM gefitinib for indicated periods (E). Cell-free supernatants (Sup) and cell lysates were subjected to immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. F, G Immunoblot analysis of IL-1β in culture supernatants of THP-1 cells. PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of gefitinib for 8 h (F), or treated with 20 μM gefitinib for the indicated periods (G). Cell-free supernatants (Sup) and cell lysates were subjected to immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. H, I The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β. BMDMs were treated with the indicated concentrations of gefitinib for 8 h or 100 ng/ml LPS for 6 h (H), or treated with 20 μM gefitinib for indicated periods or 100 ng/ml LPS for 6 h (I). The mRNA levels of IL-1β were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (normalized with GAPDH mRNA levels). Graphs are shown as mean ± S.D. (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined by student’s t-test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. J, K The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β. THP-1 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of gefitinib for 8 h or 100 nM PMA for 4 h (J), or treated with 20 μM gefitinib for indicated periods or 100 nM PMA for 4 h (K). The mRNA levels of IL-1β were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (normalized with GAPDH mRNA levels). Graphs are shown as mean ± S.D. (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined by student’s t-test; ***p < 0.001. L ASC oligomerisation assay in THP-1 cells. PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with 20 μM gefitinib for 8 h. DSS-mediated crosslinked pellets (crosslinked-pellets) and soluble lysates (Input) were subjected to immunoblotting with anti-ASC antibody. All data in Fig. 1 are representatives of at least three independent experiments.
  • 机译 基于免疫浸润的乳头状甲状腺癌新风险因子指标
    摘要:A Heatmap of 22 types of immune cells in papillary thyroid cancer and healthy thyroid tissues derived from the TCGA database. B The correlation matrix of 22 types of immune cells in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). C Comparison of each type of immune cell between PTC and healthy thyroid tissues. D The correlation of immune cells and overall survival (OS). E KEGG pathway analysis of genes associated with downregulation of CD8+ T cells. F Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of genes associated with downregulation of CD8+ T cells. G Correlation of genes associated with downregulation of CD8+ T cells and overall survival (OS), including GSEA results. H The apoptosis rated of CD8+ T cells co-cultured with TPC1-TNNT1 (overexpression of TNNT1) and TPC1-NC (negative control). (**P < 0.01, The color for */# indicates the column with the same color was overexpressed).
  • 机译 中性脂质作为细胞命运的早期生物标志物:α-突触核蛋白过表达的情况
    摘要:A, B α-syn expression levels in IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells stably transfected with the empty vector (pcDNA) or the α-syn plasmid expressing human wild type α-syn (WT α-syn) using Western blot and immunocytochemistry studies. DAPI was used as nuclear marker. C Microscopic visualization of LDs through Oil Red O staining in the neuronal model of α-syn overexpression. D Nile Red staining showing an increase in the amount and size of LDs in cells overexpressing α-syn treated with 300–600 µM OA, compared to control cells. Hoechst was used as nuclear marker. E Effect on cell viability after 300–600 µM OA treatment. A–EScale bars 20 µm. All experiments were repeated three times. Bars represent means ± standard deviation (SD, n = 3). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 with respect to the control conditions.
  • 机译 白细胞介素-38改善聚(i:c)诱导肺炎:治疗症病毒感染治疗意义
    摘要:A549 cells (1 × 105) and/or BES-2B cells (1 × 105) with HMDMs (3 × 105) were co-cultured with or without rhIL-38 (100 ng/ml) pretreatment for 30 min, followed by poly(I:C) (20 µg/ml) stimulation for 20 h. (a–k) Release of cytokines/chemokines in the co-cultured supernatants were measured by Cytometric Bead Array Flex Sets using flow cytometry. (l) Gating strategy of flow cytometry for the determination of ICAM-1. (m) Flow cytometric analysis of cell surface expression of ICAM-1 on the monoculture of A549 cells, BEAS-2B cells and HMDMs. (n, o) ICAM expression on A549 cells (Co-A549) in the co-cultured A549 cells with HMDMs, on BEAS-2B cells (Co-BEAS-2B) in the co-cultured BEAS-2B cells with HMDMs, and on HMDMs (Co-HMDMs) in the co-cultured A549/BEAS-2B cells with HMDMs. A549 cells, BEAS-2B cells, and HMDMs in the co-cultures were gated based on CD45 expression. Heat-inactivated (56 °C for 30 min.) human IL-38 (100 ng/ml) was used as the control. Abbreviations: HMDMs, human monocytes derived macrophages; Co-A549, A549 cells in the co-cultured A549 cells with HMDMs; Co-BEAS-2B, BEAS-2B cells in the co-cultured BEAS-2B cells with HMDMs; Co-HMDMs, HMDMs in the co-cultured A549/BEAS-2B cells with HMDMs. All data are shown as the mean ± SEM. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test was used to compare results between groups. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01.
  • 机译 GNA13以棕榈酰化依赖性方式调节GCL2表达和GCB-DLBCL细胞对BCL2抑制剂的敏感性
    摘要:A The scheme of isobaric iodoTMT switch labeling-based mass spectrometry assay and results of MS/MS spectrum of palmitoylated peptide of GNA13. IodoTMT6-127 labeling on Cys14 and Cys18 (the two C in lowercase) of GNA13 peptide sequence was shown in peaks graph (upper panel). B Total, membrane (Mem) and cytosolic (Cyto) fractions of HeLa cells expressing HA-tagged WT GNA13, C14S, C18S, or C14/18S mutant of GNA13 were immunoblotted with an anti-HA antibody. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control for total cellular proteins, while Na-K-ATPase and GAPDH were used as markers of the membrane and cytosol, respectively. C HeLa cells overexpressing WT GNA13 or C14/18S mutant were incubated with cycloheximide (CHX) and analyzed by western blot at the indicated time points. D Protein levels of WT GNA13 and C14/18S mutant in HeLa cells treated with or without indicated caspase inhibitors for 24 h were detected by immunoblotting with an anti-HA antibody. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control.
  • 机译 组蛋白脱乙酰酶2调节急性肝脏衰竭期间的ULK1介导的γ凋亡通过K68乙酰化位点
    摘要:A The bioinformatics analysis for the Venn diagram revealed that 1483 and 5721 genes were differentially altered after knockdown and overexpression of HDAC2. Among these changed genes, there were 636 genes altered in both HDAC2 upregulated or downregulated, respectively. B These 636 genes were performed with gene ontology (GO) analysis. There was no gene involved in pyroptosis directly regulated by HDAC2 among the 636 genes. It was found that cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation for the GO Biological Processes was relatively closely related to the characteristic of pyroptosis that the cell expanded until the cell membrane ruptured, leading to the release of its contents. C 11 genes with high correlation in the process of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation were clustered. ULK1 was only autophagy molecule associated the NLRP3-pyroptosis pathway in the 11 genes.
  • 机译 ACPA通过AKT / PI3K和体外JNK途径降低非小细胞肺癌生长
    摘要:a qRT-PCR analysis for relative mRNA fold change values of CB1R and CB2R genes relative to β-actin. The results are represented with 5% error. b Bar graph presenting the percentage of CB1 and CB2 indirect immune peroxidase-labeled cells with mean ± SEM, (n = 25), a, b, c, d, and e denote p < 0.05 comparing to A549, H1299, H358, H838, and H1975 cells respectively and f refers to p < 0.05 comparing CB2 to CB1 in each cell line, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). c Micrographs presenting CB1 and CB2 indirect immune peroxidase-labeled (scale bar, 100 µm) and phase-contrast (PC, scale bar, 50 µm) view of NSCLC A549, H1299, H358, H838, H1975, and SW-1573 cell lines, ×400. d, e Correlation graph of CB1 (d) and CB2 (e) receptor immune labeling and mRNA expression levels (correlation coefficient: R2, p = 0.024, and p = 0.824 respectively with Spearman’s test).
  • 机译 型型卡卡相互作用对于活化NLRP1炎性的激活至关重要
    摘要:a Size-exclusion chromatograph of the MBP-ASCCARD/NLRP1CARD complex. ASCCARD was fused with an N-terminal His-tag and incubated with untagged NLRP1CARD, which was first purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. The complex eluted in the void position on a SuperdexTM 24 gel filtration column. b A negative-stain EM image of MBP-ASCCARD/NLRP1CARD complex. c Size-exclusion chromatograph of the MBP-ASCCARD/NLRP1CARD complex in different salt concentrations. d High salt significantly disrupted filament formation. e Y2H analysis of the NLRP1CARD and ASCCARD interaction. Yeast cells co-expressing GAL4 DNA-binding domain (BD)-ASC CARD fusion and GAL4 activation domain (AD)-NLRP1CARD fusion were grown on agar plates lacking leucine and tryptophan (-Leu/-Trp) for transformant growth and lacking histidine, leucine, and tryptophan (-His/-Leu/-Trp) for detecting CARD–CARD interaction. Three individual clones for each combination were plated. (–) denotes empty vector control. f Measurement of the protein–protein interaction of wild-type NLRP1CARD with ASCCARD by the M2H experiment. Luciferase activity in the HEK293T cells was normalized to Renilla and data were presented as the fold of negative control. Mean values ± SEM are representative of three independent experiments. g Structure-based sequence alignment of NLRP1CARD ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_127497.1","term_id":"14719829","term_text":"NP_127497.1"}}NP_127497.1) and ASCCARD ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"NP_037390.2","term_id":"10835256","term_text":"NP_037390.2"}}NP_037390.2). Different colors are highlighted to show the interfacial residues involved in the three asymmetric interactions of death domain superfamily. The secondary structure of NLRP1CARD and ASCCARD are labeled on the top and bottom, respectively.
  • 机译 AlkBH5通过M抑制肿瘤进展
    摘要:A m6A ELISA experiments (n = 3) showing the increase of global m6A level in RNAs in human osteosarcoma cell lines compared with human osteoblasts (hOB) cell line. B Representative confocal microscopy images with m6A (red) and DAPI (blue) of human osteosarcoma cells compared with hOB cells (n = 7, Bar: 25 μm). C Bar graph showing the quantification of mean influence intensity of m6A positive cells. D Expression of individual m6A modifiers in human osteosarcoma cells compared with hOB cells. E Immunostaining for anti-ALKBH5 in hOB cells and osteosarcoma cells (n = 8, Bar: 25 μm). F Bar graph showing the quantification of mean influence intensity of ALKBH5 positive cells. G Western blot showing the protein expression of ALKBH5 in normal tissues and osteosarcoma tissues. H Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of ALKBH5 protein expression on tissue microarrays (TMAs) composed of benign bone tissues (n = 2), IIA stage osteosarcomas (n = 24), IIB stage osteosarcomas (n = 66) and IVB stage osteosarcomas (n = 10) tumor cores. Representative IHC images (magnification ×80) are presented (upper, Bar: 50 μm). I Bar graph representing the percentages of ALKBH5 positive cells number (lower). J Kaplan–Meier survival curve indicates the difference in survival rate between ALKBH5 high expression and ALKBH5 low expression patients. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
  • 机译 MTU1缺陷与降低的成骨分化相关
    摘要:A Schematic representation of CRISPR/Cas9 target site at exon 1 of Mtu1 gene, as used in this study. The resultant truncated 11 aa non-functional protein caused by frameshifting insertion in Mtu1 is shown in the diagram. B, C Genotyping of Mtu1 knockout mice by Sanger sequencing and agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR product size for genotyping is 417 bp in Mtu1+/+ mice and 417 bp/452 bp in Mtu1+/− mice. D Western blot analyses show that BM-MSCs isolated from Mtu1+/− have lower Mtu1 expression levels. EμCT images of the femurs of wild-type and Mtu1 deficient male mice at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 48 weeks. Scale bars: 1 mm. In the analysis of the trabecular bone and architecture, the following parameters were calculated: F Bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV); G Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th); H Bone surface to bone volume (BS/BV); I Trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp); J Trabecular bone mineral density (BMD). n = 6 per group. The region of interests (ROI) for trabecular parameters calculation were chosen at the central of medullary cavity with cylinders (1 mm in diameter, 1 mm in height) at 1 mm away from epiphyseal line. K H&E staining and L ALP staining of distal femoral sections of 4 weeks old mice. Scale bars: 100 μm. M The relative levels of positive ALP staining area in the yellow dotted line at the femur were quantified using Image J. n = 5 per group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001.
  • 机译 Bub1B通过JNK / C-Jun途径促进脱胸腺胆管癌进展
    摘要:A BUB1B was upregulated in CCA tumor tissues compared to paratumor in public TCGA database. B Our center samples also confirmed the expression mRNA level of BUB1B was upregulated in ECC tissues compared with their corresponding paratumor tissues. C The protein expression was determined for ECC samples by western blot. D BUB1B expression in the paired ECC samples was confirmed by IHC staining. The western blot and IHC staining illustrated that higher expression of BUB1B was found in ECC tissues (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).
  • 机译 发现新分子诱导黑色素瘤细胞死亡:双安培/梅尔克靶向新的黑色素瘤疗法
    摘要:A Chemical structure of metformin and CRO15. B–F Cell viability assay using trypan blue exclusion method on B. A375 melanoma cells treated with 5 μM CRO15 at different times. C A375 melanoma cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of CRO15 for 48 h. D Melanoma cell lines of various genotypes treated with 5 μM CRO15 for 48 h. E Human melanoma cells freshly isolated from tumors treated for 48 h with 5 μM CRO15. F Primary human melanocytes, keratinocytes and fibroblasts treated 48 h with 5 μM CRO15. For B to F, results are expressed as percentages of control and data given as the means ± SEM of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
  • 机译 通过促进AKI的GPX4伴随的伴侣介导的自噬促进管状硬化
    摘要:LgmnWT and lgmnKO mice were randomized to 40 min of bilateral ischemia (n = 8). Kidney and serum samples were collected before and at day 1, 2, and 7 after IRI. A, B Renal functions assessed by serum creatinine (Cr) and BUN levels at the corresponding time points after IRI. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus lgmnWT control; ♯P < 0.05, ♯♯P < 0.01 versus lgmnKO control; §P < 0.05, §§P < 0.01 versus lgmnWT after IRI at the corresponding time point. C, D Quantification of kidney KIM-1 and NGAL mRNA levels by qPCR. E Each pair of images includes a representative PAS-stained histologic photomicrograph of the kidney (top) from lgmnWT and lgmnKO mice on the indicated days after IRI and higher-magnification photomicrographs of the renal cortex (bottom; corresponding to the boxed area). Scale bar, 50 μm. F Quantification of histological renal damage. Tubular detachment, tubular dilation, and brush border damage were scored by the percentage area. G Histological ATN score. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001; two-way ANOVA.
  • 机译 通过在小鼠中激活过氧化物酶体增殖物激活的受体γ(PPARγ)加速高脂饮食诱导的肥胖症
    摘要:a The expression of galectin-1 mRNA in mouse tissues was analyzed by RT-PCR. β-actin mRNA expression was used as a loading control. b The level of galectin-1 mRNA and protein was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting in gonadal white adipose tissues (gWATs) and inguinal (iWATs) from mice fed a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *p < 0.05 for the NFD group (n = 5) vs. the HFD group (n = 6). c The protein level of galectin-1 and lipogenic proteins, such as PPARγ and FASN was analyzed by western blotting during DMI (dexamethasone, methylisobutylxanthine, insulin) induced differentiation of preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. β-actin expression was used as a loading control. d The expression level of galectin-1 mRNA and protein was analyzed by RT-PCR (two upper panels) and western blotting (two lower panels) after galectin-1 knockdown by a specific siRNA in 3T3-L1 cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels were normalized to those of β-actin. e Detection of adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells following galectin-1 silencing. The cells were treated with galectin-1 siRNA and differentiation was induced by DMI treatment for 6 days. Oil red o (ORO) staining was performed to detect lipid accumulation (upper figures) and the staining level was taken by picture. Cell morphology was detected (lower figures) by microscopy. Bars indicated 50 μm. f Measurement of lipid accumulation. The ORO dye (used for staining) was eluted with 100% isopropanol and the optical density at 500 nm (OD500) was detected. ***p < 0.001 for the NC group vs. the galectin-1 siRNA group.
  • 机译 HIV蛋白酶抑制剂Saquinavir衰减败血症诱导的急性肺损伤并通过靶向基质金属蛋白酶-9促进M2巨噬细胞极化
    摘要:A The transfection efficiency of siMMP9 was assayed by western blot. **P < 0.01. B, C Expression of M1 and M2 marker genes was assessed in MMP-9 siRNA- or NC-transfected RAW cells with or without LPS (100 ng/ml) challenge for 18 h. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus PBS groups; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 versus LPS (Con-siR) group. Expression of D M1- and E M2-associated genes was detected by quantitative PCR after 1 h of p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA) or active rMMP-9 (5 ng/ml) pretreatment, followed by the presence or absence of LPS stimulation for 18 h. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 versus LPS(−) groups; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 versus LPS (APMA) group. F Raw cells were treated by APMA or active rMMP-9 (5 ng/ml) for 1 h prior to LPS challenged for 1 h, and then NF-κB signaling proteins (p-IKK, IKKβ, p-P65, P65, IκBα, and p-IκBα) were measured by western blot. ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 versus Con groups; ##P < 0.01 versus LPS (APMA) group. G Expression of NF-κB signaling proteins was assessed in MMP-9 siRNA- or NC-transfected RAW cells with or without LPS (100 ng/ml) challenge for 1 h. All the results are from at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 versus PBS groups; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 versus LPS (Con-siR) group. Data are represented as means ± SEM.
  • 机译 抑制Bcl-XL的高剂量androgens治疗效果以更好地诱导抗甲醛抗性前列腺癌自噬细胞死亡
    摘要:A–C Cell colony assays were performed to show EnzS-C4-2 (A), EnzS-C4-2B (B), and EnzS-LNCAP (C) and Enzalutamide-resistance (EnzR) cell growth with different concentrations of DHT. D–E Cell counting assay to show cell proliferation in EtOH or 50 nM DHT groups. F–G Cell growth with 50 nM DHT when sh-AR in C4-2 and C4-2B cell line. Data are presented as means ± SD. *p < 0.05 by t-test for two groups or ANOVA for more than two groups.
  • 机译 LNCRNA LINC00312通过靶向DNA-PKCs和鼻咽癌损伤的DNA损伤修复来抑制放射疗法抵抗力
    摘要:a The expression of linc00312 was detected by real-time RT-PCR in 92 NPC tissue samples and 10 normal nasopharyngeal tissue samples with chronic inflammation. b Real-time RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of linc00312 in patients with NPC, with radiosensitive response (PR/CR) and radioresistance response (PD/SD). c Cox regression analysis of the association between linc00312 expression level and NPC patients’ 3-year overall survival. d The subcellular localization of linc00312 in HNE1 and HONE1 cells was detected by cytoplasmuclear separation assay followed by real-time RT-PCR. GAPDH was utilized as the control of cytoplasm, and U6 was utilized as the control of nuclear. e Representative images of FISH showing the subcellular localization of linc00312 in HNE1 and HONE1 cells. f Cell viability of NPC cells transfected with linc00312 overexpression vector or control vector were measured by CCK-8 assay in series of time points. g The colony-formation ability of NPC cells transfected with linc00312 overexpression vector or control vector were detected by colony formation assay. h Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle of NPC cells transfected with linc00312 overexpression vector or control vector. i The apoptosis of NPC cells transfected with linc00312 overexpression vector or control vector were measured by Hoechst staining. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
  • 机译 基质金属蛋白酶-10通过增强表皮生长因子受体信号传导来保护急性肾损伤
    摘要:a Quantitative, real-time PCR (qPCR) results show induction of renal MMP-10 mRNA at different time points after IRI as indicated. Relative abundances of renal MMP-10 mRNA were assessed by qPCR, and fold induction over the sham controls was reported. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus sham controls (n = 5). b, c Western blot analyses show renal expression of MMP-10 protein at 24 hours after IRI. Western blot (b) and quantitative data (c) are presented. Numbers (1–6) indicate each individual animal in a given group. *P < 0.05 vs sham controls. d Representative micrographs show MMP-10 protein localization in sham and ischemic kidneys at 24 h after IRI. Kidney sections were immunohistochemically stained with specific antibody against MMP-10 (n = 6). Arrow indicates positive staining. Scale bar, 50 µm. e, f Western blot (e) and quantitative data (f) of renal MMP-10 protein in the kidneys after cisplatin injury were presented. Kidney samples were collected at 3 days after cisplatin injection. Numbers (1–6) indicate each individual animal in a given group. *P < 0.05 versus controls. (g, h) Western blot (g) and quantitative data (h) show renal MMP-10 expression at 30 h after injection of glycerol. Numbers (1–6) indicate each individual animal in a given group. *P < 0.05 versus controls.

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