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  • 刊频： Bimonthly
  • NLM标题： Caries Res
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  • 1.

    【2hr】Association between a New Sugar Index and Caries Experience: Results of a Cross-Sectional Field Study

    包量

    机译 新糖指数和龋病经验之间的关联：跨领域实地研究的结果
    摘要：ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test the relationship between a newly developed sugar index and caries experience in 4th- and 6th-graders.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Pediatric Adapted Liking Survey: A Novel Feasible and Reliable Dietary Screening in Clinical Practice

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    机译 儿科适应性调查：临床实践中新颖可行可靠的饮食筛查
    摘要：PurposeRapid yet useful methods are needed to screen for dietary behaviors in clinical settings. We tested the feasibility and reliability of a pediatric adapted liking survey (PALS) to screen for dietary behaviors and suggest tailored caries and obesity prevention messages.
  • 3.

    【2hr】The Importance of the World Health Organization Sugar Guidelines for Dental Health and Obesity Prevention

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    机译 世界卫生组织糖对牙齿健康和肥胖症预防的重要性
    摘要：The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a reduced intake of free sugars throughout the life course (strong recommendation) with a reduction of free sugars intake to less than 10% of the total energy intake (strong recommendation) and preferably below 5% of the total energy intake (conditional recommendation) in both adults and children. Available data clearly show that people already consume significantly more sugar than they should, increasing the risk for dental caries, overweight and obesity. The WHO recommendations are intended for use by the policy makers as a benchmark for assessing intake of sugars by populations and as a driving force for policy change. To create a favorable environment, enabling the overall amount of free sugar intake to be as low as possible and to reduce the frequency of consumption of sugar-rich foods, a range of public health interventions is advised.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Secondary Caries in situ Models: A Systematic Review

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    机译 次生龋病原位模型：系统评价
    摘要：In situ caries research serves as a bridge between clinical research and laboratory studies. In this kind of research, volunteers wear a removable intraoral splint or prosthesis containing research samples. Many different in situ models exist to investigate secondary caries. This systematic review compared currently existing secondary caries models and their lesion progression per day values.Materials and MethodsThree databases (Medline, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched for relevant literature. Bias risk was assessed and model parameters and caries-related outcomes were extracted by 2 independent researchers. Where possible, caries-related outcomes were normalized by estimating lesion progression per day by dividing lesion depth extracted from microradiographic or microhardness data by the number of days the study lasted.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Candida albicans and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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    机译 白色念珠菌和幼儿龋病：系统评价和荟萃分析
    摘要：Oral Candida albicans has been detected in children with early childhood caries (ECC), and has demonstrated cariogenic traits in animal models of the disease. Conversely, other studies found no positive correlation between C. albicans and caries experience in children, while suggesting it may have protective effects as a commensal organism. Thus, this study aimed to examine whether oral C. albicans is associated with ECC. Seven electronic databases were searched. The data from eligible studies were extracted and the risk of bias was evaluated. A fixed effects model (Mental-Haenszel estimate) was used for meta-analysis, and the summary effect measure was calculated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. Fifteen cross-sectional studies were included for the qualitative assessment, and nine studies for meta-analysis. Twelve studies revealed higher oral C. albicans prevalence in ECC children than in caries-free children, while two studies indicated an equivalent prevalence. A pooled estimate, OR (6.51) and 95% CI (4.94, 8.57), indicated significantly higher ECC experience in children with oral C. albicans than those without C. albicans (P<0.01). The odds of experiencing ECC in children with C. albicans versus children without C. albicans was 5.26 for salivary, 6.69 for plaque, and 6.3 for oral swab sample. This systematic review indicates that children with oral C. albicans have (>5 times) higher odds of having ECC compared to those without C. albicans. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to determine whether C. albicans could be a risk factor for ECC, and whether it is dependent on different sample sources (saliva/plaque).
  • 6.

    【2hr】Analysis of the Cariogenic Potential of Various Almond Milk Beverages Using Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Model In Vitro

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    机译 使用变形链球菌生物膜模型体外分析各种杏仁奶饮料的致癌潜力
    摘要：To evaluate the cariogenic properties of almond milk beverages, six almond milks, along with soy and whole bovine milk, were analyzed for their abilities to support Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, acid production, and their capacity to buffer changes in pH. Biofilm formation by S. mutans was analyzed using an in vitro 96-well plate model and measured by crystal violet staining. Acid production by S. mutans was evaluated by a colorimetric L-Lactate assay and pH measurement of bacterial cultures. Buffering capacity was assessed by pH titration assay. Soy milk supported the most biofilm growth, while the least was observed with unsweetened almond milk (P<0.001, respectively). Among almond milks, sucrose sweetened milk led to the highest level of biofilm formation (P<0.001), while the least was observed with unsweetened milk (P<0.05). Sucrose sweetened almond milk yielded the lowest pH (4.56±0.66), followed by Soy milk and bovine milk; the highest pH was with unsweetened almond milk (6.48±0.5). When analyzed by pH titration, the unsweetened almond milk displayed the weakest buffering capacity while bovine milk showed the highest buffering capacity (P<0.001). These results suggest that the almond milk beverages, except those that are sweetened with sucrose, possess limited cariogenic properties, while Soy milk exhibits the most cariogenic potential. As milk alternatives become increasingly popular, dentists must counsel their patients that almond milk, especially sucrose sweetened varieties, have cariogenic potential. For patients who are lactose-intolerant or suffer from milk allergy, almond milks may be a better alternative than soy-based products.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Identification of Caries Risk Determinants in Toddlers: Results ofthe GUSTO birth cohort study

    包量

    机译 幼儿龋齿风险决定因素的识别：结果GUSTO出生队列研究
    摘要：The aim of the study was to identify risk determinants leading to early childhood caries (ECC) and visible plaque (VP) in toddlers. Data for mother-child pairs participating in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort were collected from pregnancy to toddlerhood. Oral examinations were performed in 543 children during their clinic visit at 24 months to detect ECC and VP. Following logistic regression, ECC and VP were jointly regressed as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively, using bivariate probit model. ECC prevalence was 17.8% at 2 years of age, with 7.3% of children having a VP score >1. ECC was associated with night-time breastfeeding (3 weeks) and biological factors, including Indian ethnicity (lower ECC rate), higher maternal childbearing age and existing health conditions, maternal plasma folate <6 ng/mL, child BMI and plaque index, while VP was associated with psycho-behavioural factors, including frequency of dental visits, brushing frequency, lower parental perceived importance of baby teeth, and weaning onto solids. Interestingly, although higher frequency of dental visits and tooth-brushing were associated with lower plaque accumulation, they were associated with increased ECC risk, suggesting that these establishedcaries-risk factors may be a consequence rather than the cause of ECC. Inconclusion, Indian toddlers may be less susceptible to ECC, compared to Chineseand Malay toddlers. The study also highlights a problem-driven utilizationpattern of dental services (care sought for treatment) in Singapore, in contrastto the prevention-driven approach (care sought to prevent disease) in Westerncountries.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Genes involved in the enamel development are associated with calcium and phosphorous level in saliva

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    机译 搪瓷发育中涉及的基因与唾液中的钙和磷水平有关
    摘要：Saliva components play a crucial role in the integrity of the dental enamel and in the caries susceptibility. The saliva characteristics are controlled by many factors, including genetic factors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between the genetic variations in genes expressed in enamel development with calcium and phosphorous levels in saliva. We collected 276 unrelated 12-year-old children from private and public schools. Saliva was collected for DNA extraction from oral cells and for measurement of calcium and phosphorous. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry determined calcium and phosphorous levels in whole saliva. Fifteen genetic variations in 9 genes were analyzed. Genotype was determined by real time polymerase chain reactions. Data were analyzed using Plink with an alpha of 5%. Genetic variations in AMELX, AMNB and ESRRB were associated calcium level in saliva (p<0.05). A borderline association was observed in ENAM allele distribution showed with phosphate level in saliva (p=0.049). In conclusion, our results is the first to report that genetic variations contribute to calcium and phosphorous levels in saliva
  • 9.

    【2hr】Matching the Statistical Model to the Research Question for Dental Caries Indices with Many Zero Counts

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    机译 将统计模型与具有多个零计数的龋齿指数的研究问题匹配
    摘要：Marginalized zero-inflated count regression models have recently been introduced for the statistical analysis of dental caries indices and other zero-inflated count data as alternatives to traditional zero-inflated and hurdle models. Unlike the standard approaches, the marginalized models directly estimate overall exposure or treatment effects by relating covariates to the marginal mean count. This article discusses model interpretation and model class choice according to the research question being addressed in caries research. Two datasets, one consisting of fictional dmft counts in two groups and the other on DMFS among schoolchildren from a randomized clinical trial (RCT) comparing three toothpaste formulations to prevent incident dental caries, are analysed with negative binomial hurdle (NBH), zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB), and marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial (MZINB) models. In the first example, estimates of treatment effects vary according to the type of incidence rate ratio (IRR) estimated by the model. Estimates of IRRs in the analysis of the RCT were similar despite their distinctive interpretations. Choice of statistical model class should match the study’s purpose, while accounting for the broad decline in children’s caries experience, such that dmft and DMFS indices more frequently generate zero counts. Marginalized (marginal mean) models for zero-inflated count data should be considered for direct assessment of exposure effects on the marginal mean dental caries count in the presence of high frequencies of zero counts.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Association between type amount and pattern of carbohydrate consumption with dental caries in 12-year-olds in Puerto Rico

    包量

    机译 波多黎各12岁儿童碳水化合物摄入的类型数量和方式与龋齿的关系
    摘要：ObjectiveTo identify the types, food sources, and pattern of carbohydrates that significantly contribute to dental caries in Puerto Rican children.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Orange/Red Fluorescence of Active Caries by Retrospective QLF Image Analyses

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    机译 回顾性QLF图像分析法分析活性龋的橙色/红色荧光
    摘要：This retrospective clinical study determined the association of caries activity and orange/red fluorescence on QLF images of surfaces that progressed to cavitation as determined by clinical visual examination. A random sample of QLF images from 565 children (5-13years) previously enrolled in a longitudinal study was selected. Buccal, lingual and occlusal surfaces’ images obtained after professional brushing at baseline and every 4 months over a 4-year period were analyzed for Red Fluorescence (RF). Surfaces that progressed (N=224) to cavitation according to International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS 0/1/2/3/4 to 5/6/filling) and surfaces that did not progress (N=486) were included. QA2 image analysis software outputs the percentage increase of the red/green components as ΔR and Area of ΔR (Area△R) at different thresholds. Mixed-model ANOVA was used to compare progressive and non-progressive surfaces to account for correlations of RF (ΔR and AreaΔR) between surfaces within a subject. The first analysis used the first observation for each surface or the first available visit if the surface was unerupted (baseline), while the second analysis used the last observation prior to cavitation for surfaces that progressed and last observation for surfaces that did not progress (final). There was a significant (p<0.05) association between RF and progression to cavitation at thresholds ΔR0, ΔR10, ΔR20, ΔR60, ΔR70, ΔR80, ΔR90 and ΔRMax at baseline and for ΔR0 and ΔR10 at final observation. Quantification of orange/red fluorescence may help to identify lesions that progress to cavitation. Future studies identifying microbiological factors causing orange/red fluorescence and its caries activity are indicated.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Caregivers education level and childs dental caries in African Americans: A path analytic study

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    机译 非洲裔美国人的看护者的教育水平和儿童龋齿：路径分析研究
    摘要：The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of caregiver education level on children's dental caries mediated by both caregiver and child oral health behaviors. Participants were 423 low-income African American kindergarteners and their caregivers who were part of a school-based randomized clinical trial. Path analysis tested the hypothesis that caregiver education level affected untreated dental caries and cumulative overall caries experience (decayed or filled teeth) through the mediating influence of frequency of dental visits, use of routine care, and frequency of toothbrushing for both caregiver and child. The results supported the hypothesis: Caregivers who completed high school were 1.76 times more likely to visit dentists themselves compared with those who did not complete high school (e0.56=1.76, 95%CI: 1.03-2.99), which in turn was associated with 5.78 times greater odds of dental visits among their children (e1.76=5.78, 95%CI: 3.53-9.48). Children's dental visits, subsequently, were associated with 26% fewer untreated decayed teeth compared with children without dental visits (e-0.31=0.74, 95%CI: 0.60-0.91). However, this path was not present in the model with overall caries experience. Additionally, caregiver education level was directly associated with 34% less untreated decayed teeth (e-0.42=0.66, 95% CI: 0.54-0.79) and 28% less decayed or filled teeth (e-0.32=0.72, 95%CI: 0.60-0.88) among the children. This study overcomes important conceptual and analytic limitations in the existing literature. The findings confirm the role of caregiver education in child dental caries and indicate that caregiver's behavioral factors are important mediators of child oral health.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Blood levels of the heavy metal lead and caries in children ages 24-72 months: NHANES III

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    机译 24-72个月儿童的重金属铅和龋齿的血液水平：NHANES III
    摘要：Lead remains a significant pollutant. It has acute toxic and chronic effects on many tissues and accumulates in teeth and bones. The researchers for this study investigated the association of blood lead levels and the extent/severity of caries as measured by the number of decayed/filled teeth of children 24 to72 months using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) accounting for the excess zero caries in the analysis and using less than 2 μg/dL as the reference blood lead level (N=3127). Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models indicated unadjusted extent/severity mean ratios of 1.79, 1.88, and 1.94 for the number of decayed/filled teeth in children whose blood lead levels were 2-5 μg/dL, 5-10 μg/dL, and >10 μg/dL, respectively when compared with children having less than 2 μg/dL blood lead levels. The results did not attenuate when other variables were added to the model for the 5-10 μg/dL, and >10 μg/dL levels of exposure. The adjusted extent/severity mean ratios were 1.84, 2.14, and 1.91, respectively for the categories. This study indicated a strong association of blood lead levels and increasing numbers of carious teeth in children 24 to72 months. These findings support other studies in an innovative analysis handling cases children with no caries. The findings may inform caries risk assessment.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Caries: Review of Human Genetics Research

    包量

    机译 龋齿：人类遗传学研究述评
    摘要：The NIH Consensus Development Program released a statement in 2001 () and listed six major clinical caries research directions. One of these directions was the need for genetic studies to identify genes and genetic markers of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value. This last decade has seen a steep increase in studies investigating the presence of genetic factors influencing individual susceptibility to caries. This review revisits recent caries human genetic studies and provides a perspective for future studies in order to fulfill their promise of revolutionizing our understanding of and the standard of care for the most prevalent bacteria-mediated non-contagious disease in the world.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Characteristics detection methods and treatment of questionable occlusal carious lesions: findings from The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network

    包量

    机译 可疑咬合龋问题的特征检测方法和治疗：基于全国牙科实践研究网络的发现
    摘要：Questionable occlusal carious lesions (QOC) can be defined as an occlusal tooth surface with no cavitation and no radiographic radiolucencies, but caries is suspected due to roughness, surface opacities, or staining. An earlier analysis of data from this study indicates ⅓ of patients have a QOC. The objective of this report is to quantify the characteristics of these common lesions, diagnostic aids used, and treatment of QOC. A total of 82 dentist and hygienist practitioner-investigators from the United States and Denmark in The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network participated. When consented patients presented with a QOC, information was recorded about the patient, tooth, lesion, and treatments. 2,603 QOC from 1,732 patients were analyzed. Lesions were usually associated with a fissure, on molars, and varied from yellow to black in color. Half presented with a chalky luster and had a rough surface when examined with an explorer. There was an association between color and luster, 10% were chalky-light, 47% were shiny-dark, and 42% were mixtures. A higher proportion of chalky than shiny lesions were light (22% vs. 9%; p < 0.001). Lesions light in color were less common in adults than pediatric patients (9% vs. 32%; p < 0.001). Lesions that were chalky and light were more common among pediatric than adult patients (22% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). This is the first study to investigate characteristics of QOC in routine clinical practice. Clinicians commonly face this diagnostic uncertainty. Determining the characteristics of these lesions are relevant when making diagnostic and treatment decisions.
  • 16.

    【2hr】A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Carious Dentin from Transparent Zone to Normal Zone

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    机译 龋牙从透明区到正常区的傅立叶变换红外光谱分析
    摘要：It is well known that caries invasion leads to the differentiation of dentin into zones with altered composition, collagen integrity and mineral identity. However, understanding of these changes from the fundamental perspective of molecular structure has been lacking so far. In light of this, the present work aims to utilize Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to directly extract molecular information regarding collagen's and hydroxyapatite's structural changes as dentin transitions from the transparent zone (TZ) into the normal zone (NZ). Unembedded ultrathin dentin films were sectioned from carious teeth, and an FTIR imaging system was used to obtain spatially resolved FTIR spectra. According to the mineral-to-matrix ratio image generated from large-area low-spectral-resolution scan, the TZ, the NZ and the intermediate subtransparent zone (STZ) were identified. High-spectral-resolution spectra were taken from each zone and subsequently examined with regard to mineral content, carbonate distribution, collagen denaturation and carbonate substitution patterns. The integrity of collagen's triple helical structure was also evaluated based on spectra collected from demineralized dentin films of selected teeth. The results support the argument that STZ is the real sclerotic layer, and they corroborate the established knowledge that collagen in TZ is hardly altered and therefore should be reserved for reparative purposes. Moreover, the close resemblance between the STZ and the NZ in terms of carbonate content, and that between the STZ and the TZ in terms of being A-type carbonate-rich, suggest that the mineral that initially occludes dentin tubules is hydroxyapatite newly generated from odontoblastic activities, which is then transformed into whitlockite in the demineralization/remineralization process as caries progresses.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Fine-Mapping of 5q12.1–13.3 Unveils New Genetic Contributors to Caries

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    机译 5q12.1–13.3的精细映射揭示了龋病的新遗传贡献者
    摘要：Caries is a multifactorial disease and little is still known about the host genetic factors influencing susceptibility. Our previous genome-wide linkage scan has identified the interval 5q12.1–5q13.3 as linked to low caries susceptibility in Filipino families. Here we fine-mapped this region in order to identify genetic contributors to caries susceptibility. Four hundred and seventy-seven subjects from 72 pedigrees with similar cultural and behavioral habits and limited access to dental care living in the Philippines were studied. DMFT scores and genotype data of 75 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were evaluated in the Filipino families with the Family-Based Association Test. For replication purposes, a total 1,467 independent subjects from five different populations were analyzed in a case-control format. In the Filipino cohort, statistically significant and borderline associations were found between low caries experience and four genes spanning 13 million base pairs (PART1, ZSWIM6, CCNB1, and BTF3). We were able to replicate these results in some of the populations studied. We detected PART1 and BTF3 expression in whole saliva, and the expression of BTF3 was associated with caries experience. Our results suggest BTF3 may have a functional role in protecting against caries.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Enamel pits in hamster molars formed by a single high fluoride dose are associated with a perturbation of transitional stage ameloblasts

    包量

    机译 一次高氟化物剂量形成的仓鼠磨牙上的牙釉质坑与过渡期成釉细胞的扰动有关
    摘要：Excessive intake of fluoride (F) by young children results in formation of enamel subsurface porosities and pits, called enamel fluorosis. In this study, we used a single high dose of fluoride administered to hamster pups, to determine the stage of ameloblasts most affected by fluoride, and whether pit formation was related to F-related sub-ameloblastic cyst formation. Hamster pups received a single subcutaneous injection of either 20 mg or 40 mg NaF/kg body weights, were sacrificed 24 h later, and the number of cysts formed in the first molars counted. Other pups were sacrificed 8 days after F-injection when the first molars had just erupted, to score for enamel defects. All F-injected pups formed enamel defects in the upper half of the cusps in a dose-dependent way. After injection of 20 mg NaF/kg an average of 2.2 white spots per molar was found but no pits. At 40 mg NaF/kg, almost 4.5 spots per molar were counted as well as 2 pits per molar. The defects in erupted enamel were located in the upper half of the cusps, sites where cysts had formed at the transition stage of ameloblast differentiation. These results suggest that transitional ameloblasts, located between secretory and maturation stage ameloblasts, are most sensitive to the effects of a single high dose of fluoride. Fluoride- induced cysts formed earlier at the pre-secretory stage were not correlated to either white spots or enamel pits, suggesting that damaged ameloblasts overlying a fluoride induced cyst regenerate and continue to form enamel.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Association between Black Stains and Dental Caries in Primary Teeth: Findings from a Brazilian Population-Based Birth Cohort

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    机译 黑色污渍和乳牙龋齿之间的关联：从巴西人口为基础的出生队列的发现。
    摘要：Lower dental caries experience has been observed in children and teenagers with the presence of black stains on dental structures. However, none of the previous investigations were population-based studies or adjusted the analysis for potential confounders. This study assessed the prevalence of black stains at the age of 5 in a population-based birth cohort from Pelotas, Brazil and investigated the association between black stains and dental caries. A total of 1,129 children from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort were examined at age 5, and their mothers were interviewed at their households. Dental examinations included a search for black stains and dental caries on the primary dentition through the dmf-s index. The mothers’ questionnaire comprised data on demographic, social, and behavior aspects. Prevalence of black stains was 3.5% (95% CI 2.5–4.7) and the prevalence of dental caries was 48.4% (95% CI 45.4–51.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between black stains and dental caries. Adjusted analysis revealed that the presence of black stains was associated with lower levels of dental caries (OR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.26–0.99). The results of the present study suggest that black stains are a protective factor for dental caries development.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Biomimetic Approach for Root Caries Prevention Using a Proanthocyanidin-Rich Agent

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    机译 仿生方法使用富含原花青素的试剂预防根龋
    摘要：The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE) on the in vitro demineralization of root dentine. Root fragments were obtained from sound human teeth. The fragments were randomly assigned to different treatments solutions: GSE, fluoride (F), GSE+F and distilled water (control). Samples were treated daily for 30 min and subjected to a pH cycling artificial caries protocol using demineralization cycles (2.2 mM CaCl2×H2O, 2.2 mM KH2PO4, 50 mM acetic acid, pH 4.3) for 6 h and remineralization cycles (20 mM HEPES, 2.25 mM CaCl2×H2O, 1.35 mM KH2PO4, 130 mM KCl, pH 7.0) for 17.5 h. Mineral loss (ΔZ) and lesion depth (LD) were determined after 18 days of treatment/pH cycling, by transverse microradiography. GSE was able to minimize ΔZ and LD compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). The GSE+F and F groups showed the lowest values of ΔZ and LD (p < 0.05), with no statistically significant differences between them (p = 0.554 and p = 0.726, respectively). A biomimetic approach to strengthen root dentine using GSE results in decreased rates of root demineralization and may be used in conjunction with F to prevent root caries.
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