HopPER: an adaptive model for probability estimation of influenza reassortment through host prediction

摘要

Influenza A viruses, as highly infectious respiratory pathogens, are able to evade host immune responses and transmit across host species. A complete influenza genome consists of eight independent gene segments, where the subtype of influenza is characterized by the surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) [ ]. Transcription and replication take place by the viral RNA-dependent polymerase complex polymerase acidic protein (PA), polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) and polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) [ ]. The rest of the segments encode the nucleoprotein (NP), matrix protein (M1), ion channel protein (M2) and two non-structural proteins (NS1 and NS2). This structure of the virus allows for the exchange of eight RNA segments between influenza viruses coinfecting a cell [ ]. The process of genetic recombination, named reassortment, may lead to the emergence of novel progeny viruses [ ].