Objective To investigate the expression of activin A(ACTA) and inhibin A(INHA) in endometriosis and its clinical significance. Methods Eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues were col ected from women with endometriosis (ectopic group, n=30), among which, sixteen samples were in proliferative phase and the other were in secretory phase. Normal endometrial tis-sues (control group, n=30) were col ected from women without endometriosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) SP method was con-ducted to detect the expression of ACTA and INHA. Chemiluminescence assay was performed to measure the expression levels of estrogen (E2) and progestogen (P) in serum of these participants. Results The expression of ACTA and INHA was significantly higher in the ectopic and eutopic endomtria than that in the normal endometrium (both P<0.05). There was no significant differ-ence in ACTA and INHA expression between proliferative and secretory phase in eutopic endometrium (P>0.05). In the prolifera-tive or secretory phase of eutopic group, neither ACTA nor INHA expression was correlated with the level of E2 and P (P>0.05). Positive correlation was shown between expression of ACTA, INHA and E2 (P<0.05) in the proliferative phase of control group;in secretory phase of control group, expressions of ACTA and INHA were positively correlated with E2 (P<0.05) and P (P<0.05). Conclusion The present data suggest that the increased expressions of ACTA and INHA in the eutopic and ectopic endometria of endometriosis patients may participate in the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis.%目的探讨激活素A（ACTA）、抑制素A（INHA）在子宫内膜异位症（EMS）内膜的表达及其临床意义。方法收集30例EMS患者（EMS组）在位内膜及异位内膜组织，其中增生期16例，分泌期14例。同期正常子宫内膜患者30例为对照组。采用免疫组织化学链霉素抗生物蛋白-过氧化物酶法检测两组内膜ACTA、INHA的表达；电化学发光法检测两组血清性激素E2、P水平。结果（1）EMS组在位内膜、异位内膜ACTA、INHA表达水平均明显高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。（2）EMS组在位内膜增生期、分泌期ACTA、INHA表达水平的差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。（3）EMS组在位内膜增生期、分泌期ACTA、INHA表达水平与E2、P水平均无相关性（均P＞0.05）。对照组增生期ACTA、INHA表达水平均与E2水平呈正相关（均P＜0.05）；对照组分泌期ACTA、INHA表达水平与E2、P水平均呈正相关（均P＜0.05）。结论 ACTA、INHA在EMS表达增强，提示ACTA、INHA可能参与EMS的发生。
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