胎龄别出生体重相关因素分析

摘要

Objective To analyze the factors related to birth weight for gestational age.Methods Total 693 pregnant mothers and their 716 newborns were enrolled in the study.The age,height,weight and pregnancy details of parents were collected by questionnaire.The birth information of the newborn was completed by obstetricians,including parity,gestational age,birth weight,number of fetus and gender.According to the gestational age and birth weight,the newborns were divided into small for gestational age (SGA) group(n=115),appropriate for gestational age(AGA) group(n=330) and large for gestational age(LGA) group (n=271),the factors related to birth weight for gestational age were analyzed.Results The differences of gender,gestational age,birth weight,premature/mature/postmature,number of fetus and parity;the age,height,weight and BMI of fathers;the age,height,pre-gestational weight,prenatal weight,weight gain during pregnancy,percentage of weight gain during pregnancy,pre-gestational BMI,prenatal BMI,BMI gain during pregnancy,percentage of BMI gain during pregnancy and the proportion of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) of mothers among three groups were significant (all P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the birth weight for gestational age was positively correlated with the age,height,weight,BMI of fathers;and the age,height,pre-gestational weight,prenatal weight,weight gain during pregnancy,pre-gestational BMI,prenatal BMI,BMI gain during pregnancy,gravida and parity of mothers (all P＜0.05);and negatively correlated with gender and number of fetus (both P＜0.05).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the birth weight for gestational age was negatively correlated with number of fetus and gender,and positively correlated with the height,BMI of fathers;the age,height,ratio of BMI gain during pregnancy,prenatal BMI,parity of mothers (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Based on the results revealed in the study,for the health of newborns it is necessary to rationally control the nutrition of pregnant women,and avoid the maternal malnutrition or over weight gain during pregnancy.%目的 分析新生儿胎龄别出生体重的相关因素,探讨影响小于胎龄儿(SGA)和大于胎龄儿(LGA)的高危因素,为今后孕期保健咨询和孕期管理提供依据.方法 募集693例孕妇及其子代716例,采用问卷方式收集父母年龄、身高、体重和孕期母亲情况等资料,新生儿出生时产科医师填写出生资料调查表,主要内容包括:产次、胎龄、出生体重、胎数、性别等.根据出生体重和胎龄,将新生儿分为SGA 115例,AGA 330例,LGA 271例,比较分析与出生体重相关的因素.结果 3组新生儿性别、胎龄、出生体重、早产/足月/过期例数、胎数和产次,父亲年龄、身高、体重和BMI,母亲年龄、身高、孕前体重、产前体重、孕期体重增量、孕期体重增量百分比、孕前BMI、产前BMI、孕期BMI增量、孕期BMI增量百分比和患妊娠期糖尿病比例比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).Pearson相关分析显示胎龄别出生体重与父亲年龄、身高、体重、BMI,母亲年龄、身高、孕前体重、产前体重、孕期体重增量、孕期体重增量百分比、孕前BMI、产前BMI、孕期BMI增量、孕期BMI增量百分比和产次均呈正相关(均P＜0.05),与新生儿性别和胎数均呈负相关(均P＜0.05).多元线性回归分析显示胎龄别出生体重与新生儿性别、胎数均呈负相关(均P＜0.01),与父亲身高、孕期BMI,母亲年龄、身高、孕期BMI增量百分比、产前BMI和产次均呈正相关(均P＜0.05).结论 胎龄别出生体重与母亲年龄、身高、孕期BMI增量百分比、产前BMI,父亲身高、BMI及产次、新生儿性别、胎数相关.合理控制孕期营养,避免孕母营养不良和体重增量过快,对婴儿健康有重要意义.