盛行风控制下的青海湖水动力特征

摘要

The study of hydrodynamic characteristics could be used as a good proxy to investigate other matter and energy in the lake. However, there are really rare researches in studying hydrodynamic of Qinghai Lake. After investigating the field and analyzing previous studies, a great number of data, including perimeter, bathymetry, hydrology, meteorology and bottom roughness, were used to simulate hydrodynamics of Qinghai Lake. The results show that, there are mainly three clockwise currents in Qinghai Lake; the hydrodynamic characteristics in the beach area are more complicated. Controlling factors of hydrodynamics of Qinghai Lake are also discussed in this article. It is arrived that, prevailing winds is the most important factor to control the hydrodynamics of Qinghai Lake; fluvial process is also very important for hydrodynamic characteristics especially in beach area. In addition, in some locally small regional, hydrodynamics display different characteristics because of different perimeter and bathymetry. In recent years, as the climate continued droughts, as well as some rivers changed and dried up, the hydrodynamics have some changes taken place in some beach areas of Qinghai Lake.%综合运用青海湖水深、地形和湖区多年水文、气象数据资料，借助数值模拟技术，对青海湖水动力特征、影响因素和多年演变特征进行了分析。结果表明：青海湖水动力特征主要表现为三个大的顺时针旋回（布哈河入湖口南、北两侧和东南湖湾）和河流入湖口、铁布卡湾、哈达湾及沙岛附近等区域的一些次级旋回；近岸浅水区域水动力特征比湖中心复杂，水动力强度更大；常年盛行西北风为控制水动力特征的最主要因素，入湖河流在一定程度上影响了湖泊水动力特征，边界形态、水深、地形等影响局部区域水动力状态。近年来，随着气候持续干旱，入湖河流数量减少和流量减小、河流改道，青海湖近岸局部区域水动力特征发生了一定的变化。