大型水库生态调度实践及展望

摘要

水库生态调度是指通过改进水库调度方式来修复河流的生态功能，相关理论和技术在近几十年来得到了长足发展。分析总结了国内外利用水库生态调度方式减缓工程不利影响的实例与研究进展，详细介绍了三峡水库生态调度实践及存在的不足。分析指出，应从水库下游生态保护目标的修复角度出发，针对河流生态系统的高度复杂性与不确定性、人类对生态系统认知的局限性以及人类开发活动影响的难以预知性等，开展适宜于我国水利工程的生态适应性管理研究。指出了今后应加强生态需水量研究和生态适应性管理。%The-ecological-regulation-of-reservoirs-is-to-restore-the-ecological-function-of-rivers-through-improving-the-regulation-mode-of-reservoirs-.The-relative-theories-and-technologies-developed-rapidly-in-the-recent-decades-.The-cases-of-mitigating-the-ad-verse-engineering-impact-through-the-ecological-regulation-of-reservoirs-both-at-home-and-abroad-were-summarized-and-analyzed-,-so-were-the-research-progress-.The-practice-of-ecological-regulation-of-Three-Gorges-Reservoir-and-the-existing-defects-were-intro--duced-in-detail-.It-is-pointed-out-that-in-view-of-the-high-complexity-and-uncertainty-of-the-river-ecosystem-,-limitation-of-the-knowledge-of-ecological-system-and-the-unpredictability-of-human-activities-,-the-study-on-ecological-adaptive-management-that-is-suitable-for-the-water-resources-projects-in-China-,-should-be-carried-out-from-the-aspect-of-restoration-of-ecological-protection-tar-gets-in-the-downstream-of-reservoirs-.The-ecological-water-requirement-research-and-ecological-adaptive-management-should-be-strengthened-.