降低桥墩壅水的优化试验研究

摘要

桥墩型式对墩前壅水高度影响较大. 为优化涉水桥梁工程设计方案,降低桥墩壅水对河道防洪的影响,通过建立宽水槽模型,对不同桥墩型式所引起的墩前壅水高度进行了测试和分析. 结果表明,桥墩的最优侧面曲线特征参数b′/L为0. 071~0. 083;方墩、流线墩和双圆墩3种墩型的优势夹角不同,桥墩轴线与水流夹角小于36°时,流线墩壅水最小,大于36°时双圆墩壅水最小.%Bridge pier type has a great impact on the backwater height in the front of bridge pier. To optimize the bridge design scheme and reduce the backwater impact on flood control, a physical model of wide flume has been established to test and analyze the backwater height cased by different types of bridge pier. The study shows that the optimal characteristic parameters ( b'/L) of side profile curve of bridge pier are from 0. 071 to 0. 083;the dominance angles of square pier, streamline pier and bi-circular pier are different;the backwater height of the streamline pier is lowest when the angle between pier axis and water flow direction is less than 36°, otherwise the backwater height of the bi-circular pier is the lowest.