干旱区平原水库水面蒸发消减研究综述

摘要

The intensive evaporation and scarce precipitation are the important factors that cause the water loss of the plain reservoir in the northwest arid and semiarid area.It severely limits the function of the reservoir and makes the water resources shortage situation more severe.Aiming at the technical problems of water surface evaporation reduction, we summarize four methods including spraying chemical reagent, planting aquatic plants, covering with physical material and wind-barrier according to the latest progress of experimental research at home and abroad.The problems in various technical methods are analyzed and discussed, and some suggestions are put forward for the future study on water surface evaporation reduction, which can provide references for the follow-up experimental research.%蒸发强烈、降水稀少是造成西北干旱、半干旱地区平原水库水量损失的重要因素,它严重限制了水库效益的最大发挥,使当地严重短缺的水资源形势变得更加严峻.针对消减水面蒸发技术问题,根据国内外消减水面蒸发研究最新进展,分别对铺洒化学试剂法、种植水生植物法、物理材料覆盖法、风障技术法4类消减水面蒸发的方法进行了概述,对各技术方法中所存在的问题进行了分析和讨论,并对未来消减蒸发实验研究提出了相应的建议,以期为后续实验研究提供参考.