Background: Neurofibromatosis, type 1, is associated with cutaneous melanin pigmentation, but an association with ordinary melanocytic nevi has not been described. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was designed to see if neurofibromas in patients with neurofibromatosis, type 1 (NF-1) differ from sporadic neurofibromas (SN) in their incidence of associated melanocytic nevi and other histologic features. Slides from 114 NF-1 were compared with 112 SN and 300 intradermal melanocytic nevi (IDN). Results: Small lentiginous melanocytic nevi were identified over 13 NF-1 (11%) but no SN (P=0.0002). Compared with other NF-1, NF-1 with nevi were more frequently associated with melanocytic hyperplasia, giantmelanosomes and diffuse neurofibroma (P < 0.03). Compared with SN, NF-1 were also more frequently assoc iated with melanocytic hyperplasia, lentigo simplex-like changes, diffuse neuro fibroma and plexiform neurofibroma (P < 0.001). Sebaceous hyperplasia (14%), de rmal elastosis (9%), lipomatous change (8%), epithelial cysts (4%) and kerati n granulomas or folliculitis (3%) were not significantly different in prevalenc e between NF-1, SN and the control group of IDN. Conclusions: This study sugges ts that there is a difference in the potential for melanocytic proliferation in NF-1 compared with SN. NF-1, SN and IDN are associated with a similar range of incidental histologic changes.
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