Bladder paraganglioma:A report of case series and critical review of current literature

摘要

Extra-adrenal chromaffin cell-related tumours or paragangliomas are rare,especially in the bladder.In this article,we reported three different clinical cases of bladder paraganglioma,followed by a review of current literature on the pathophysiology and management of bladder paraganglioma.Case 1 involved a 23 years old female patient who complained of a 10-year history of micturition-related headaches,palpitations and diaphoresis;while in case 2,a 58 years old female patient presented with history of painless haematuria and an incidentally diagnosis of a functioning paraganglioma during endoscopic transurethral resection of bladder tumour;and lastly in case 3,a 54 years old male renal transplant recipient was referred to the urology outpatient with a suspicious bladder mass found incidentally on routine transplant workshop.