阿尔茨海默病发病机制及药物治疗研究进展

摘要

Alzheimer′s disease (Alzheimer disease, AD) is a neurodegenerative disease of which etiology and pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated.Its symptoms are decreased memory and daily behavior capacity loss, cognitive impairment and personality changes.The pathogenesis are divergent, including micro environment related A beta amyloid cascade hypothesis, cholinergic damage theory, the abnormal immune theory, associated with neuronal Tau protein hypothesis, neural cell apoptosis theory, genes associated with apolipoprotein epsilon 4 gene, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 gene and amyloid precursor protein gene.The western medicine treatment includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, reduced beta amyloid (A beta) generation, drug deposition, antioxidants and others.The traditional Chinese medicine treatment includes tonic drugs, living blood stasis drugs, eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma drugs.This article reviews the research progress of the pathogenesis and drug treatment of AD in recent years at home and abroad.%阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer Disease,AD)是一种病因及发病机制尚未完全阐明的神经退行性疾病,其表现为记忆力下降和日常行为能力的丧失、认知障碍和人格改变.有关其发病机制众说纷纭,包括与微环境相关的Aβ-淀粉样肽级联假说、胆碱能损伤学说、免疫异常学说等,与神经元相关的Tau蛋白假说、神经细胞凋亡学说等,与基因相关的载脂蛋白ε4基因、早老素1和早老素2基因、淀粉样前体蛋白基因等;其药物治疗有西药治疗,包括乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂、减少β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的产生、沉积药物、抗氧化剂等;中药治疗,包括补虚类药物、活血化瘀药、化痰平喘药等.本文就几年来国内外AD病的发病机制和治疗药物的研究进展进行综述.