6个油茶物种苗期抗旱性的初步研究

摘要

In order to select out some superior individuals with strong drought-resistance and to provide a reference for drought-resistance root stock breeding, taking one-year-old seedlings of six Camellia species as materials, including C. osmantha, C. meiocarpa, C. oleifera, C. vietnamensis, C. gigantocarpa and C. semiserrata, their drought resistance were reached and evaluated through the way of artiifcial control of irrigating to make soil naturally dry. The results show that:temporary wilting coefifcient and wilting coefifcient in C. semiserrata reach up to 5.09%and 3.11%respectively, which are signiifcantly higher than the other species, while the two indexes of C. osmantha are the lowest, just 2.42%and 1.10%respectively. The six Camellia species based on drought resistance from strong to weak in order is C. osmantha, C. meiocarpa, C. oleifera, C. vietnamensis, C. gigantocarpa, C. semiserrata. Drought resistance among individuals within species is in the separation. According to wilting coefifcient, they are divided into ifve drought-resistant types, including 0%-1%, 1%-2%, 2%-3%, 3%-4%and 4%-5%. Among them, C. semiserrata distributes at 3-5 levels, C. gigantocarpa distributes at 2-4 levels, C. Meiocarpa, C.oleifera and C. Vietnamensis only distribute at 2 and 3 levels, and C. osmantha only distributes at 1 and 2 levels.%为给筛选抗旱性强的油茶优良单株以选育油茶抗旱砧木提供参考依据，以香花油茶、小果油茶、普通油茶、陆川油茶、博白大果油茶和广宁红花油茶这6个油茶物种的1年生实生苗为试材，采用人工控制浇水使土壤自然干旱的方法对其抗旱性进行了试验研究，并对其苗期抗旱性的强弱进行了评价。结果表明：广宁红花油茶的暂时萎蔫系数和永久萎蔫系数分别达到5.09%和3.11%，均显著高于其它油茶物种；而香花油茶的暂时萎蔫系数和永久萎蔫系数均最小，仅分别为2.42%和1.10%；6个油茶物种的抗旱能力由强到弱依次为香花油茶＞小果油茶＞普通油茶＞陆川油茶＞博白大果油茶＞广宁红花油茶；6个物种内不同单株间的抗旱性均存在分离情况，依其永久萎焉系数的大小可将其划分为0%～1%、1%～2%、2%～3%、3%～4%、4%～5%共5种抗旱类型，其中，广宁红花油茶的抗旱类型分布在3～5级之中；博白大果油茶分布在2～4级之中，陆川油茶、普通油茶和小果油茶均仅在2、3级之中有分布，香花油茶只在1、2级之中有分布。