6个蓝莓品种花粉特性和花粉育性的比较

摘要

In order to explore lfower shape feature and compare pollen viability of different cultivars of blueberry at the blueberry introduction areas of Hunan, and to provide a basis for introduction, cultivation and arranging cultivars for pollination in the southern region of China, the differences of characteristics, number, viability, germination rate and other aspects of pollens in the six cultivars were compared and studied by using cellulose dissolution method, staining method andin vitro culture techniques, including ‘Legacy’, ‘Brigitta’, ‘Sharpblue’, ‘Misty’, ‘Powderblue’, and ‘Tifblue’, which were suitable to plant at the southern areas. The results showed that:①Pollen number of the cultivars had some differences. The pollen number of ‘Legacy’, ‘Brigitta’, ‘Sharpblue’, ‘Misty’, ‘Powderblue’, and ‘Tifblue’ respectively was 162, 250, 178, 166, 141, 170 grains per anther, number of ‘Brigitta’ pollens was the largest, ‘Sharpblue’ was the second, and ‘Powderblue’ was the least;② Pollen viability of the cultivars has some differences. The pollen viability of the six cultivars respectively was 30.87%, 26.79%, 31.34%, 23.83%, 18.80%, 24.83%, pollen viability of ‘Brigitta’ was the largest, ‘Sharpblue’ was the second, and ‘Powderblue’ was the least;③ The optimum sucrose concentrations for pollen germination of the six cultivars were different. The pollen germination rates of ‘Legacy’ (25.60%), ‘Brigitta’ (9.10%) and ‘Misty’ (27.20%) were the highest, when the sucrose concentration was 10%. The pollen germination rate of‘Sharpblue’(26.20%), ‘Powderblue’(21.20%) and ‘Tifblue’ (61.40%) were highest, when the sucrose concentration was 15%;④The optimum concentration of boric acid for pollen germination of ‘sharpblue’was 300 µg/L, while the optimal concentration for the other cultivars was 200 µg/L;⑤ The optimum cultivation temperature for pollen germination of the six cultivars was 25℃.The results of comprehensive analysis showed that ‘Legacy’ and ‘Sharpblue’ were suitable for pollination plants in the six cultivars, as pollen number and pollen germination rate were higher.%为了探究湖南蓝莓引种区不同品种的花器形体特征及花粉生活力，从而为南方地区蓝莓引种栽培和授粉树的配置提供参考依据，采用纤维素酶溶解法、联苯胺染色法和离体培养等技术，对‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’等6个蓝莓品种的花粉特性、花粉量、花粉生活力、花粉萌发率等进行了比较研究。测定结果表明：①蓝莓花粉量在各品种间存在差异，‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’的花粉数依次为162、250、178、166、141、170粒/花药，其中‘布里吉塔’的花粉数量最多，‘夏普蓝’次之，‘粉蓝’最少；②蓝莓花粉生活力在各品种中存在差异，‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’的花粉生活力依次为30.87%、26.79%、31.34%、23.83%，18.80%、24.83%，其中‘夏普蓝’的花粉活力最大，‘莱格西’次之，‘粉蓝’最小；③6个蓝莓品种花粉萌发所需的最适蔗糖浓度不尽相同，‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘密斯梯’在蔗糖浓度为10%时其花粉萌发率均最高，依次为25.60%、9.10%、27.20%；当蔗糖浓度为15%时，‘夏普蓝’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’3个蓝莓品种的萌发率均达到最高值，依次为26.20%、21.20%、61.40%；④6个蓝莓品种中，‘夏普蓝’花粉萌发所需的最适硼酸浓度为300µg•L－1，而其他5个品种花粉萌发的最佳硼酸浓度均为200µg•L－1；⑤6个蓝莓品种花粉萌发所需的最适培养温度均为25℃。研究结果表明：6个蓝莓品种中，‘莱格西’和‘夏普蓝’均较适合用作授粉植株，其花粉量和花粉萌发率均较高。