综述了自20世纪初至今的一百多年来,无脊椎动物在世界各地饮用水系统中出现的案例及其相关的研究趋势,并对从原水到输配管网的不同流程中无脊椎动物种类和丰度进行了总结和分析.纵观整个饮用水系统,可以看出无脊椎动物的种类数量整体呈“沙漏型”分布,即在原水和供水管网中发现了较水处理工艺中更多的种类；而无脊椎动物数量呈“倒金字塔型”分布,整体呈下降的趋势,但经颗粒活性炭过滤后,无脊椎动物的数量可能再次上升.伴随着无脊椎动物出现在饮用水系统中,由其引发的问题研究一直延续至今,从感官及卫生安全的角度对无脊椎动物孳生带来的问题进行了综述,饮用水中无脊椎动物的存在在很大程度上被供水单位看作是“美学问题”,而研究者逐渐意识到并更加关注无脊椎动物对病原生物的迁移和保护所产生的健康风险.在综述前人研究的基础上,对未来相关领域的研究方向进行了讨论和展望.%In this paper,the occurrence and research trends of invertebrates since the beginning of 20th century have been reviewed,and the species and abundance of invertebrates in drinking water systems including raw water, drinking water treatment processes and water supply networks have also been summarized and analyzed. It is found that in the whole drinking water systems the species distribution of invertebrates is "hourglass-shaped", which means more species of invertebrates are found in raw water and distribution network than in treatment processes; while the abundance distribution of invertebrates is "inverted pyramid-shaped", which indicates that generally the quantity of invertebrates is decreasing. But after carbon filtration, invertebrates quantity would increase again. The problems and study triggered by the existence of invertebrates in drinking water system continues till now. From the aspects of sense and sanitary, the problems caused by invertebrates breeding have been summarized,and the existence of invertebrates in drinking water is deemed as an aesthetic problem in a certain degree by the water supply companies. But the researchers have gradually understood and cared about the safety risks caused by the pathogenic microorganism transmission and protection, which is implemented by invertebrates. Based on the summary of former researches,the future study trends were also discussed and developed in this paper.
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