就业-居住空间关系及通勤效率——过剩通勤的评估潜力

摘要

Excess commuting is an analytical framework for assessing the jobs-housing spatial relationship and commuting efficiency.This paper first reviews the origin and evolution of the concept of excess com-muting in the past three decades, then highlights its strengths and weaknesses when applied to evaluate commuting efficiency.By placing Bertaud's commuting model and its spatial structure in Brothie's Trian-gle Model,the paper discusses various evolution directions caused by the change of jobs-housing spatial re-lationship.The paper also analyzes the potentials of excess commuting in assessing urban jobs-housing bal-ance and commuting efficiency.The paper concludes that the excess commuting framework is an impor-tant analysis tool for studying the transformation of urban spatial form and evaluating the optimization of spatial structure.%过剩通勤已是一个专门用于研究城市就业-居住空间对应关系及评估通勤效率的研究范式.回顾该范式30多年的建立与发展过程,指出相关概念及其指标在评价城市通勤效率时存在的优缺点.将Bertaud的城市通勤模式及其空间结构置于Brotchie三角形模型中,讨论就业-居住空间分散形态嬗变带来的通勤模式的多种演变方向,厘清过剩通勤框架在评估城市职住平衡程度与通勤效率时所具有的潜力.过剩通勤框架为研究城市空间形态嬗变和评估空间结构优化程度提供了非常重要的理论工具.