教育失败者究竟遭遇了什么？

摘要

Accompanying mass higher education is the emergence of failed educatees,with both the visible failure (in the form of failing to land jobs after graduation)and the invisible failure (in the form of “over-education”).One of the causes of education failure is the institutional logic behind selection in the education system:education is claimed to promote upward mobility while de facto the scarce oppor-tunity is monopolized by the dominant groups,and it seems accessible to all but in fact excludes the low status groups.Social status is based on educational credentials,a typical of positional goods.In the context of mass higher education,the failed educatees and their experiences result from the selection logic.In the illusion that knowledge changes destiny,the failure of education in fact is an illness of modern education,and the equity of education is being challenged.%大众高等教育下出现了不少教育失败者，他们中既有可见的毕业即失业者，也有不可见的“过度教育者”。教育失败的深层根源之一在于教育筛选的制度逻辑：教育宣称促进向上流动，实则已将弱势群体排斥；教育看似开放，人人可得，实则优势群体垄断了稀缺机会。作为一种位置性商品的教育文凭，是社会地位竞争的重要依据。教育失败者的出现及其遭遇即为上述逻辑运行和强化的产物。在“知识改变命运”的幻象与诉求下，教育失败实为现代教育的病症，教育公平也遭受着拷问。教育的本质并不在于改变人的社会地位，好的教育应该使人立身做人，不受命运摆布。