三水型铝土矿盐酸浸出过程的热力学研究

摘要

针对低品位三水型铝土矿使用拜耳法提取氧化铝存在溶出率低的情况,采用盐酸法浸出,利用X衍射分析和半定量分析手段研究铝土矿的矿物组成和化学组成,并对矿石中主要有价金属的浸出反应进行热力学分析.结果表明:铝土矿的主要成分为三水铝石,其次是针铁矿和石英,以及锐钛矿等,其主要矿物三水铝石和针铁矿的酸浸反应很容易进行,在配矿液固比100∶7、浸出时间2h、矿石粒度小于55 μm、盐酸浓度10％、浸出温度373～383K的条件下矿物中铁和铝的浸出率均在95％以上,浸出渣主要成分为SiO2,易于综合利用.%For the low-grade gibbsitic bauxite,the leaching rate of alumina is very low during the Bayer process.The acid leaching method is attracting more attention,and the hydrochloric acid leaching was developed rapidly.The mineral composition and chemical composition were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and semi-quantitative analysis.The thermodynamics of leaching process was analyzed.The results show that the major minerals in the bauxite are gibbsite,secondly goethite and quartz,anatase and so on.The acid leaching reactions of the bauxite would be thermodynamically easy and completed.Under the conditions that ore granularity is less than-55 μm,the L/S ratio is 100∶7,and the leaching temperature is 373-383 K,the leaching time is 120 min and the concentration of HCl is 10％,both the leaching rates of Al and Fe are over 95％.The main composition of leaching slag is SiO2 which is easy for comprehensive utilization.