板面长度和冷却速度对A356合金斜板凝固过程与显微组织的影响

摘要

A356 alloy melt solidifies partially when it flows down on an oblique plate cooled from bottom by counter flowing water. Columnar dendrites are continuously formed on the plate wall. Because of the forced convection, these dendrites are sheared off into equiaxed/fragmented grains and then washed away continuously by producing semisolid slurry at plate exit. Plate cooling rate provides required extent/amount of solidification whereas plate length enables necessary shear for producing semisolid slurry of desired quality. Slurry obtained is solidified in metal mould to produce semisolid-cast billets of desired microstructure. Furthermore, semisolid-cast billets are also heat-treated to improve surface quality. Microstructures of both semisolid-cast and heat-treated billets are compared. The effects of plate length and plate cooling rate on solidification and microstructure of billets produced by using oblique plate are illustrated. Three different plate lengths (200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm) associated with three different heat transfer coefficients (1000, 2000 and 2500 W/(m2·K)) are involved. Plate length of 250 mm with heat transfer coefficient of 2000 W/(m2·K) gives fine and globular microstructures and is the optimum as there is absolutely no possibility of sticking of slurry to plate wall.%当A356合金流经由底部反向水流冷却的斜板时将发生部分凝固。在板面上将连续形成柱状枝晶。由于强制对流作用，这些枝晶将被剪切成等轴晶并被出口的半固态浆体冲刷。板面冷却速度可为高质量半固态浆体提供需要的凝固过程，而板面长度可提供必需的剪切过程。将半固态浆体在金属模具中冷却以制备具有理想微观组织的半固态锭坯。此外，对半固态铸造锭坯进行热处理以提高表面质量，并对半固态铸造和热处理后锭坯的微观组织进行对比。研究板面长度和板面冷却速度对斜板冷却锭坯凝固过程和显微组织的影响。三种板面长度(200,250,300 mm)分别对应不同传热系数(1000,2000和2500 W/(m2K))。最佳板面长度和相应的传热系数分别为250 mm 和2000 W/(m2K)，在此条件下，由于没有浆体附着在板面上，锭坯具有细小的球状组织。