Based on the technology of biomass powder heated by hot solid heat carrier ( ceramic balls) , an original down flow tube reactor ( DFTR) for bio-oil production from biomass flash pyrolysis was developed. The structural design process of the critical parts was introduced in detail and the experiments were conducted to test the performance of each part of the DFTR, including the solid heat exchanger, the particle feeder, the down flow tube, the particle separator and the quencher. The results indicated that the temperature of the solid heat carrier fluctuated little and its feeding rate could be controlled precisely. The solid heat carrier and biomass char can be separated completely. The hollow-cone type nozzle is very suitable for quenching the pyrolyzed gaseous products which can atomize well as the nozzle diameter is 4. 0 mm and the fluid flow pressure is 0. 2 Mpa. The pyrolyzed bio-oil yield recovering from agricultural residues reached to 43% as this type nozzle is used to quench the condensable vapor.%以固体热载体加热工艺原理设计开发了一种新型下降管生物质快速热裂解液化反应器.详细阐述了反应器中的陶瓷球热载体换热器、颗粒喂料器、反应管、颗粒分离及热裂解气冷却系统等主要组成部件的结构,并对各部件的性能进行了试验测试.试验结果表明,热载体的温度与喂料速率控制精确,热载体与炭粉颗粒分离完全；空心锥喷嘴非常适合生物质热裂解气体产物的喷淋冷却,当喷嘴孔径为4.0mm、液体压力为0.2 MPa时雾化效果最佳,利用该喷淋冷却方式时秸秆类生物质热裂解生物油的收集率达到43％.
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