油菜联合收获机集成式纵轴流脱离装置设计与试验

摘要

Aiming at the problems of complex structure,long transportation distance and block of chain scraper conveying groove on rape combine harvester,an integrated longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device was designed,which could replace the traditional chain scraper conveying groove.The forced feeding unit and longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device were integrated together,their axes were distributed as "T" pattern.Rape stalks were transported by forced feeding unit and threshed and separated relying on longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device.According to the working process of integrated longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device,length,diameter,and rotational speed of forced feeding wheel and longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder and other main parameters were determined.The indoor experiment was conducted and its results showed that when the feed quantity was 2.0 kg/s and rotational speed of forced feeding wheel ranged from 300 r/min to 450 r/min,entrainment loss rate of integrated longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device was less than 1.31％;when the rotational speed of forced feeding wheel was 400 r/min,and feed quantity varied from 1.0 kg/s to 2.5 kg/s,the entrainment loss rate of was less than 1.18％,which met the design target of threshing and separating device for rape.Field experiments on rape combine harvester showed that integrated longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device could adapted to operational requirements of rape combine harvester,materials were transported from header to threshing and separating device evenly and successively and threshed and separated.This study provided a reference for simplifying the whole structure of the rape combine harvester and reducing the flow path of rape in the combine harvester.%针对油菜联合收获机链耙式输送器结构复杂、输送路程长、存在堵塞的问题,设计了一种集成式纵轴流脱粒分离装置,将强制喂入装置与纵轴流脱粒分离装置合二为一,二者呈“T”字形垂直排布,取代传统的链耙式输送器,依靠强制喂入装置和纵轴流脱粒分离装置实现油菜输送、抓取、脱粒分离功能.依据集成式纵轴流脱粒分离装置的工作过程,确定了强制喂入轮和纵轴流脱粒滚筒直径和转速等主要参数.试验表明,喂入量为2.0 kg/s,强制喂入轮转速在300 ～ 450 r/min时,该装置脱粒油菜的夹带损失率低于1.31％;强制喂入轮转速为400 r/min、喂入量在1.0～2.5 kg/s时,夹带损失率低于1.18％,符合油菜脱粒分离装置的设计指标.田间试验表明集成式纵轴流脱粒分离装置可适应油菜联合收获机的作业要求,实现物料由割台至脱粒分离装置的均匀连续输送和脱粒分离功能.