为实现玉米秸的高效能源化转化,提出通过生物与化学预处理提高厌氧消化效率和生物气产量的新方法.研究了经白腐真菌Pleurotus florida生物处理和经氢氧化钠、氨水与尿素化学处理后,玉米秸主要成份木质素、纤维素、半纤维素、总氮和干物质等的变化规律,及其对生物气产量的影响.对经不同处理后的玉米秸进行了相应厌氧消化试验.结果显示,除尿素处理外,所有其它处理都可不同程度地提高玉米秸的产气量;其中,经氢氧化钠处理的获得了最高的产气量,与未处理和经生物处理的玉米秸相比,其产气量分别提高了78.3%和13.2%.由于化学处理方法简单、管理容易、处理时间短,并可获得较高的产气量,因此,在大规模应用时,推荐使用氢氧化钠作预处理(添加量为干物质质量的8%).该研究结果为大幅提高玉米秸的产气量提供了一个新的有效的方法.%Fungus Pleurotus florida and chemical sodium hydroxide(NaOH), ammonia(NH3), and urea(CO(NH2)2 were used for biological and chemical pretreatment of corn stalk, respectively. It was found that the main chemical compositions such as lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were degraded greatly, and the physical structure of lignocellulose matrix changed as well through both pretreatments, which contributed to the improvement of anaerobic digestion efficiency of corn stalk. The anaerobic digestion experiments showed that all biological and chemical pretreatments, except urea treatment, helped increase biogas production, whereas NaOH was found to be the best one and capable of increasing biogas production by 78.3% and 13.2% as compared to the untreated and biologically treated one, respectively. Chemical pretreatment has some advantages over biological one such as easy operation, shorter treatment time, and higher biogas production. Pretreatment with NaOH (addition of 8% of corn stalk dry matter) is recommended for large scale biogasification of corn stalk. Proper chemical pretreatment could improve biogasification efficiency of corn stalk as well as other crop stalks.
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