To guide and modify the design and operation of small biomass gasifier, the design procedure of an updraft fixed bed gasifier was introduced in detail, and its structure was optimized, then a biomass gasifier was produced. Using sawdust as raw material, the influence of air flow rate on gasification temperature, product gas composition and low heating value (LHV) was investigated. The results showed that: air flow rate was the key parameter during the actual operation process of the gasifier, it directly affected the gasification temperature and operation condition. As air flow rate increasing, the temperature inside the gasifier rose greatly, the gas production increased sharply, and the combustible gas content first increased and then decreased. The optimum air flow rate was about 1.9m3/h, where the LHV of the product gas got the maximum value of 4.38 MJ/m3, the oxidation area had a suitable temperature of 960℃, and the gasification intensity was 57.8 kg/(m2·h), it can well meet the requirements of user.%为指导和改良小型生物质气化炉的设计及运行,介绍了上吸式气化炉的设计步骤,并对其结构进行了优化设计,制作了一台生物质气化炉,且以木屑为原料考察了入炉空气量对炉内温度、产气成分和热值等的影响.结果表明:入炉空气量是上吸式气化炉运行的关键参数,直接影响炉内温度和反应工况.随着入炉空气量的增加,气化炉内温度大幅上升,气体产量急剧增加,可燃气含量则是先增加后降低,入炉空气量在1.9 m3/h附近为最佳,此时,产气热值达到最大值4.38MJ/m3,氧化区温度为960℃,气化强度为57.8 kg/(m2·h),能很好满足用户需求.
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