With the increasing planting and consumption of gorgon nuts, the requirement of production mechanization for gorgon nuts has gradually become a bottleneck in the development of gorgon production. The design of the nut cracking machine has been a key problem in post-processing for gorgon nuts. In order to provide basic data for mechanical design of nut cracking machine, the impacts of maturity degree and stress direction on mechanical properties were analyzed by compression and shear tests. The results showed that the strain-stress curves of gorgon nuts in compression and shear tests were similar when they cracked, but the originating location and extending modes of cracks were different, The breaking force, deformation, strain energy and strain energy density of a gorgon nut increased with the increase of its maturity degree. Theoretically, it was easier to break gorgon nuts by using sheared force which perpendicular to the direction of navel. The research can provide foundational parameters for developing nut cracking machine of gorgon nuts.%随着芡实种植和消费量的增大,芡实生产的机械化要求逐渐成为芡实发展的瓶颈,其中芡实破壳机械设备的研制成为芡实产后加工过程中的一个关键问题.为给芡实破壳机械设计提供依据,对不同成熟程度芡实进行了压缩和剪切试验,分析芡实的成熟程度及受力方向对其力学性能的影响.试验结果表明,芡实在压缩和剪切试验中破裂所产生的受力载荷—变形曲线是相似的,但裂纹的产生部位和扩展方式不同；芡实破裂时的破壳力、变形量、应变能及应变能密度都随其成熟度的增加而增大；理论上垂直于芡实脐眼方向进行剪切破壳加工相对较容易.试验结果为芡实破壳机械设备的研发提供了参数依据.
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