沼泽湿地生物碳汇扩增与碳汇型生态农业利用模式

摘要

为了探索沼泽湿地生物碳汇扩增技术与碳汇型生态农业利用模式,该文选取吉林省大安市牛心套堡苇场的苏打型盐碱化芦苇沼泽湿地为研究对象,通过田间工程、放流增殖鱼、虾、蟹、退化芦苇植被恢复等措施,构建高碳汇型水生生物群落,于2006-2011年进行了沼泽湿地生物碳汇扩增技术与碳汇型生态农业利用模式的试验.结果表明,试验地主要碳汇生物的年平均生物量达到3 364.38 kg/hm2,比试验前增加了158.20％,年均递增20.89％;试验地年均碳汇能力达到176.42 kg/hm2,比试验前增加了256.98％,年均递增35.01％;试验地年均经济效益达到744元/hm2,比试验前增加了215.25％,年均递增25.81％.鱼、虾、蟹的放流增殖对沼泽湿地生态系统结构和功能无明显损害,所构建的“苇-鱼-虾-蟹”复合生态结构可作为退化芦苇沼泽湿地的生物碳汇扩增模式和碳汇型生态农业利用模式,也可为其他类型湿地实施生物碳汇扩增与碳汇型利用提供借鉴.%To explore the technology of the biological carbon sinking extension and the patterns of the carbon sinking type use in the marsh wetland, the degradation soda saline-alkali reed marsh wetland of Niuxintaobao reed farm, Da'an City, Jilin Province was chosen as the studied object. In 2006-2011, during fishes, shrimps and crab were artificially enhanced and released, the degradation reed vegetation was restored and the high carbon sinking hydrobiology community was built. The technology of the biological carbon sinking extension and the use patterns of the carbon sinking type in the marsh wetland were experimented. The results showed that the biomass of the major carbon sinking organisms from the experimental land was 3 364.38 kg/hm2·a, and increased by 158.20% than the firsthand marsh wetland, i.e. increased by 20.89% per year. The capability of the biological carbon sinking from the experimental land was 176.42 kg/hm2 a, and increased by 256.98% than the firsthand marsh wetland, i.e. increased by 35.01% per year. The economic benefit from the experimental land was 744 Yuan/hm2·a, and increased by 215.25% than the firsthand marsh wetland, i.e. increased by 25.81% per year. The pattern for enhancement and releasing is not an adverse effect on the productivity of submersed macrophytes and zoobenthos from the marsh wetland, and it is harmless for the ecosystem. The "reed-fish-shrimp-crab" model in the soda saline-alkali reed marsh wetland built by the experiment is a pattern of the biological carbon sinking extension for marsh wetlands, and it is also an eco-agriculture model with the function of carbon sinking for the sustainable use of marsh wetlands. The results can provide a reference for the study of biological carbon sinking extension and carbon sinking type use in marsh wetlands or other type of wetlands.