合理的食物结构除要满足基本的营养需求外,还应考虑当地的膳食习惯、农业生产结构和布局.为此,该文以各营养要素需求为指标,采用EXCEL 2007的SOLVER软件,构建了计算人均食物需求量的优化模型,并根据社会调查和统计资料,考虑当地的膳食习惯,对京津冀地区的食物需求和膳食结构进行了优化,确定了京津冀地区食物所占的比例,结合饲料结构以及料肉(蛋、奶)比,计算了区域主要粮食类型(含饲草和饲料用粮)和蔬菜、水果的年人均需求量,即水稻4kg,小麦103 kg,玉米180 kg,大豆27 kg,谷子21 kg,马铃薯27 kg,牧草12kg,青玉米28kg,蔬菜48 kg,水果16kg,该优化的食物结构模式可为研究区作物种植结构的调整提供参考.%In a region, the food security is affected by the capacity of food supply, which largely determined by crop production, and food demand determined by food diet and population. Taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as a case, this study developed a model to optimize requirement of food grain considering the need of energy and various nutritional elements such as protein, fat and other minor elements, as well as conversion efficiency of feeds to meats. Firstly, according to data from social surveys and statistics, the types of staple food grain and meats in the region were defined, and then the demand for each of the defined grain and meat types was optimized. Next, the meats, egg and milk were converted to grains and forages based on the conversion ratio of feeds to meat. The optimized annual demand per capita is as follows: rice 4 kg, wheat 103 kg, maize 180 kg, soybean 27 kg, millet 21 kg, potato 27 kg, grass. 12 kg, green maize (forage) 28 kg, vegetables 48 kg, fruit 16 kg. This optimization results can be used as a reference for the adjustment of local food production structure.
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